Optimization of Membrane-Protected Micro-solid-Phase Extraction Coupled with Dispersive Liquid–Liquid Microextraction for Determination of Organochlorine Pesticides in Soil Media

Determination of ultraviolet filter compounds in environmental water samples using membrane‐protected micro‐solid‐phase extraction

“…So, regarding the simultaneous analysis of the analytes, geometric mean of the normalized peak area of the analytes was set as the target to be optimized (maximized). The procedure has been described elsewhere and is not repeated here. This simple approach considers the geometric mean as an individual response, and the maximum will show the optimum extraction condition for the entire set of the target analytes.…”

“…The μ‐SPE device implemented in this study was prepared as reported . A single sheet of porous polypropylene membrane (0.2 μm pore size; Membrane Solutions, USA) was folded and heat sealed, so that a rectangle packet with one open side was formed.…”

“…Membrane‐protected micro‐solid‐phase extraction (μ‐SPE) was first reported by Basheer as an alternative SPE, in which a small amount of solid sorbent was encapsulated in a nonpolar polypropylene packet to prevent the direct contact between the sorbent and sample matrix and its polar interfering constituents, in which the packet is immersed. Various solid sorbents have been successfully implemented in membrane‐protected μ‐SPE procedure, such as carbon nanotubes , commercial C18 bonded silica , graphite fiber , and activated carbon , for extraction of various analytes from different liquid and solid samples. In contrary to conventional SPE and its theoretically exhaustive nature of extraction, in μ‐SPE the maximum amount of extraction is determined by equilibrium, and therefore lower sensitivity and better selectivity would be achieved .…”

“…In contrary to conventional SPE and its theoretically exhaustive nature of extraction, in μ‐SPE the maximum amount of extraction is determined by equilibrium, and therefore lower sensitivity and better selectivity would be achieved . It has been shown that in case of lack of enough sensitivity, the final desorbed solution could be easily enriched through simple additional steps, such as dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction , provided that desorption solvent is compatible with the proposed process. Prominent features, advantages and applications of this technique, have been reviewed by Sajid .…”

“…As relevant examples, its application as sorbent in extraction of organic and inorganic analytes by conventional SPE , SPME , and matrix solid‐phase dispersion can be mentioned. MWCNT has also been implemented in μ‐SPE , and many other techniques and variations are concisely reviewed by Socas‐Rodríguez et al. .…”