Optimization of medium composition for enhanced chitin extraction from Parapenaeus longirostris by Lactobacillus helveticus using response surface methodology

<b>Optimization of lactic fermentation for extraction of chitin from freshwater shrimp waste

“…As noted by Rao et al (2000) fermentation of shrimp waste with L. plantarum inoculum resulted in a high-quality protein liquor output when compared with solely acid fermentation (Shirai et al, 2000) The extraction of chitin from freshwater shrimp waste by fermentation may present as a limitation the occurrence of smaller % DM and % DP values when compared to the chemical treatment that has about 100% efficiency (Arantes et al, 2015). This fact is also noted in the literature for shrimp waste from marine species where 98% DM and 78% DP after 10 days of fermentation with L. helveticus (Arbia et al, 2013); 91% DM and 97% DP, after 7 days of fermentation with L. acidophilus (Duan et al, 2012); DM ranging from 63 to 81% and DP of 60 the 83%, with L. plantarum (Rao & Stevens, 2005;2006). After testing six strains of Bacillus, (Ghorbel-Bellaaj et al, 2012;Ghorbel-Bellaaj et al, 2013) (Zhang et al, 2012;Zhang et al, 2014) obtained in a total time of 6 days 93% of DP and 95% of DM.…”

“…The chitin content, calculated from the total extraction of minerals and ash with acids and bases was about 35% and results obtained in our laboratory for chemical extraction of chitin ranged between 20% (Arantes et al, 2015) and 35% (current data), varying according to the filtering techniques, which can lead to loss of solid material in the washes. Works with freshwater shrimp or M. rosenbergii for comparison purposes were not found but for the marine species cited in this paper these results are comprised between the displayed values: can (Arbia et al, 2013;Duan et al, 2012;Ghorbel-Bellaaj et al, 2012;Ghorbel-Bellaaj et al, 2013;Ghorbel-Bellaaj et al, 2011). From the results obtained for ash and protein content before and after fermentation, demineralization (DM) and deproteination (DP) of carapace through fermentation with L. plantarum under different strategies were determined (Table 1).…”

Lactic acid demineralization of green crab (Carcinus maenas) shells: effect of reaction conditions and isolation of an unusual calcium complex

“…In some crustaceans, it makes up 30% of the body weight of the animal (7). Crustacean waste generated through commercial fisheries such as those for lobster, crab and shrimp is the most practical and accessible chitin source.…”

“…There are two broadly defined ways to do this, using either chemically or biologically based processes. A review of biological methods has recently been published by Arbia et al (7). Typically, the chemical purification of chitin and chitosan requires several steps, grouped into demineralization and deproteinization procedures.…”

“…Again, the review by Arbia et al serves as a good introductory reference (7). Although much less common than biological processing, chemical demineralization of shells using lactic acid has also been investigated by a number of groups (11,(16)(17)(18)(19).…”