“…Ant colony optimization is based on how ants find the shortest paths to food, being suited to deal efficiently with discrete variables, and with a low dependence between the problem size (variables and constraints) and the quality of optimal solution (e.g., Kumar & Reddy, 2006;Safavi & Enteshari, 2016). Particle swarm optimization is inspired by natural grouping behaviors (e.g., Kumar & Reddy, 2007;Ostadrahimi, Mariño, & Afshar, 2012;Spiliotis, Mediero, & Garrote, 2016;Taormina, Chau, & Sivakumar, 2015). It can handle nonlinearities and nonconvexities, although it can be trapped by local optima (Kumar & Reddy, 2007;Spiliotis et al, 2016).…”