Optimization of goat milk vacuum-assisted block freeze concentration using response surface methodology and NaCl addition influence

Abstract

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The combined use of progressive and block freeze concentration in lactose‐free milk: Effect of process parameters and influence on the content of carbohydrates and proteins

“…Nevertheless, the concentration of total solids (CI = 4.00) achieved in the BFC test is considered high; this result and the low solids content verified in Ice 2 indicate that the BFC system is efficient for concentrating lactose‐free milk components. Machado Canella et al (2020) explained that this behavior is expected since the external driving force (vacuum) improves the natural division of gravitational thawing.…”

“…Thus, through a linear regression ( y = 0.8715 x − 0.3553, R 2 = 0.999), the °Brix results of the tests were converted and demonstrated as total solids content (g 100 g −1 ). Machado Canella et al (2020) applied this same correlation to semi‐skimmed goat milk ( y = 0.9285 x + 0.2764, R 2 = 0.999). In cases of readings of °Brix ≥4, the equation found by these authors shows similarity to our equation.…”

“…Under the best condition for Y and eff (time of 58 min, stirring rate of 1,035 rpm, and coolant temperature of −5°C), ice samples were submitted to the vacuum‐assisted BFC (Figure 3), following the methodology described by Machado Canella et al (2020), with modifications. For this, the ice obtained from PFC was completely melted at room temperature.…”

“…For example, Hernández et al (2021) verified the best separation conditions at 10 kPa and longer test times. Machado Canella et al (2020), who studied the freeze concentration of goat milk, found an optimal condition using the vacuum equal to 10 kPa and a time of 60 min. In our experiment, the suction was produced by plugging a vacuum pump into the bottom of the frozen sample.…”

Bioavailability of bioactive compounds of guava leaves (Psidium guajava) aqueous extract concentrated by gravitational and microwave‐assisted cryoconcentration

“…In general, these studies are related to the efficiency and influence of freeze concentration in the biological activity (Adorno et al., 2017; Machado Canella et al, 2020; Orellana‐Palma et al., 2020) however, for agro‐industrial waste plant extracts concentration, few studies have been reported. Therefore, it is of great interest to use alternatives technologies that result in adding value to coproducts of agroindustry and, at the same time, sustainability.…”