Optimization of Enzyme-Assisted Extraction and Purification of Flavonoids from Pinus koraiensis Nut-Coated Film and Antioxidant Activity Evaluation

Abstract

Pinus koraiensis nut-coated film is a kind of by-product of nut processing, which has been shown to contain flavonoids, polyphenols, and other substances that can be used to produce natural antioxidant extracts. In this study, response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the extraction process of flavonoids of P. koraiensis nut-coated film (PNF), and macroporous resin HPD600 was used to purify PNF (P-PNF). Its antioxidant activity was examined by DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging capacity, oxygen free radical absorption capacity (ORAC), total oxygen radical capture (TRAP), and iron ion reduction capacity. Under the ideal extraction conditions comprising a cellulase dosage of 90 U/g, a material/liquid ratio of 1:20 (g/mL), and an extraction time of 2 h, the PNF yield was 3.37%. Purification conditions were sample concentration of 2.0 mg/mL, pH of 5, water washing volume of 3 bed volume (BV), eluent ethanol concentration of 50%, and volume of 2 BV. The P-PNF recovery was 84.32%, and purity increased from 33.80% to 61.70%. Additionally, P-PNF showed increased antioxidant activity compared to PNF. Cumulatively, this study obtained the optimal values for the process parameters in order to achieve the maximum rates of extraction of PNF for economically optimal production at an industrial scale.

Ultrafine comminution-assisted ultrasonic-microwave synergistic extraction of Pueraria mirifica (Kudzu flower and root) flavonoids

“…The maximum extraction rate was 4.78 % at 30 min; lengthy extraction time resulted in a decomposed flavonoid structure. This outcome supported Zhang and his team's findings (M [ 40 ].…”

Environmentally Friendly Approaches for Extraction from Plant Material through the View of the Ultrasound-Assisted Enzymatic Extraction Operating Conditions

“…According to previous studies, the total content of flavonoids increases with increasing temperature because high temperatures cause a decrease in viscosity and surface tension, which ensures better penetration of the solvent into the sample matrix. In addition, it increases molecular motion by accelerating the mass transfer of intracellular bioactive compounds from the plant matrix [36] This is consistent with what was obtained by who found that the optimal temperature for enzyme-assisted extraction and purification of flavonoids from Pinus koraiensis is 55℃ [37]. Therefore, this temperature of 55°C was chosen for obtaining extracts using enzymatic ultrasonic extraction to determine the total flavonoid content in the extracts.…”

Study on the preparation and enzyme inhibitory activity of polyphenols from Sargassum pallidum

“…The sample water solutions were then subjected to Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography using a stepwise gradient with a water/ethanol solvent system (ranging from 1/0 to 1/1 to 0/1). Each fraction was collected and concentrated in a rotary evaporator at 45°C to remove the ethanol, and then freeze-dried [ 34 ]. The TPC for each fraction was determined according to the method under 2.3, and the polyphenol purification level was calculated using Formula ( 1 ).…”