Optimization of enzymatic & ultrasonic bio-scouring of linen fabrics by aid of Box-Behnken Experimental Design

Multi-Cycle Washing of Cotton and the Results in Manner of Dp

“…Detergent containing 15% bleaching system is composed of base detergent and 15% bleaching system [15,16] The Box-Behnken response surface experimental design basically involves three major steps, performing the statistically designed experiments, estimating the coefficients in a mathematical model, and predicting the response and checking the adequacy of the model [17]. Analyses of the three dimensional response surface plots helped to favourably investigate the interactions between any two variables, and locate the optimum range of the variables efficiently so that the average polymerization degree response was maximized.…”

TG/DTG analysis of an eco-friendly scoured fabric

“…Cotton -a cellulosic fibre, and flax -a lignocellulosic fibre, are important raw materials for the textile industry due to their qualities like softness, comfortability, durability, freshness and biodegradability. [1][2][3] Both fibres have a multilayered structure mainly consisting from cellulose (cotton -86-96%, flax -70-75%), but also a number of other non-cellulosic components, considered impurities such as pectin (cotton -0.7-1.2%, flax -10-15%), waxes, hemicelluloses (flax -15%), proteins, organic acids, minerals / ashes, etc. that are present in the cuticle and in the primary wall.…”

“…2,8,9 For obtaining high quality cellulosic/ lignocellulosic fabrics with sufficient whiteness and wettability, it is necessary to remove the noncellulosic compounds, especially pectin. 3 Pectin is present in fibres as methyl ester or calcium salts form of the (1-4) poly-D-galacturonic acid and builds a network with its structure that plays a bonding role between cuticle and primary wall. 10 The other impurities are dispersed through the backbone and side chains of pectin.…”

“…7,11 The removal of the non-cellulosic constituents from cellulosic/lignocellulosic fibres is called the scouring treatment. 2,3 This is performed in an alkaline way which uses a large quantity of chemicals (NaOH), various chemicals auxiliaries and water at high temperature for pectin degradation by hydrolysis or in biochemically way (bioscouring) by treating the textile materials with an enzyme like pectinases or with a mixture of enzymes in the presence of an polydentate ligands (EDTA) as complexing agent. [12][13][14][15][16][17][18] The trend in the textile industry was to replace the alkaline scouring, which is a pollutant method, with eco-friendly scouring treatments that use enzymes.…”

“…2,7,16,19 In addition, the acceleration of mass transfer during enzyme treatment can be done by ultrasonication. 3 Although the thermogravimetrical analysis is a widely used technique to study the thermal degradation of cellulosic materials [20][21][22][23][24][25] so far, it has been used less as an alternative method to common ones (whiteness degree, wettability, FT-IR, etc.) to evaluate the efficiency of the bioscouring treatment.…”