Optimization of Dyes Production by Mixed Aspergillus and Paecilomyces and Its Coloring on Cotton Cloth

Abstract

The present study aimed to optimize dyes of mixed Aspergillus and Paecilomyces and to evaluate dyes of the fungi in coloring cotton cloth. Different initial pH values (3, 5, 7, and 9), temperatures (24, 27, and 30°C), carbon sources (lactose, glucose, and sucrose,) and nitrogen sources (monosodium glutamate, potassium nitrate, sodium nitrate, and yeast extract) of the medium related to dyes and biomass production; and they coloring on cotton cloth were analysed. The optimum culture conditions for the dyes production by the mixed fungi was achieved at pH 9 (4.074 ± 0.0621 UA/L), a temperature of 24°C (4.4145 ± 0.1530 UA/L), with sucrose (4.1503 ± 0.0711 UA/L) as a carbon source, and sodium nitrate (4.0730 ± 0.0459 UA/L) as a nitrogen source, while for the maximum biomass production was obtained at pH 5 (3.7303 ± 0.1432 g/L), a temperature of 30°C (4.2997 ± 0.0372 g/L), with sucrose (2.965 ± 0.5431 g/L) as a carbon source, and monosodium glutamate (4.2697 ± 0.2843 g/L) as a nitrogen source. Culture conditions generated various shades on cotton cloth dyed with the fungal dyes. The intensity of color produced on the dyed cotton cloth by the fungal dyes was in line with the concentration of the dyes.

Combination of culture and dyeing conditions on cloth color dyed with mixed fungi dyes

“…Inoculation process was performed as our previous method (Suciatmih, 2019). Briefly, each five mycelial prints were inoculated into three different media (per liter of distilled water) separately: 1) mineral salt glucose (MSG) medium (Backer and Tatum, 1998) contained: 20 g glucose, 0.848 g NaNO3, 0.3 g KCl, 0.165 g MgSO4.7H2O, 0.1 g NaH2PO4, 0.04 g CaCl2.2H2O, 0.0057 g H3BO3, 0.005 g FeSO4.7H2O, 0.0044 g ZnSO4.7H2O, 0.0031 g MnSO4.H2O, 0.0025 g Na2MoO4.2H2O, 0.0004 g CuSO4.5H2O, and pH 6.0; 2) mineral salt glucose (MSG) medium (Cho et al, 2002) contained: 30 g glucose, 2 g yeast extract, 2 g peptone, 0.5 g MgSO4.7H2O, 0•46 g KH2PO4, 1 g K2HPO4, and pH 5; and 3) mineral salt sucrose (MSS) medium (Poorniammal et al, 2013) contained: 30 g sucrose, 3 g NaNO3, 0.5 g KCl, 1 g K2HPO4, 1 g MgSO4, and pH 6.…”

“…After incubation with different treatments, the culture was passed through five layers of cheesecloth, and the filtrate was centrifugated at 8500 rpm for 20 min as performed previously (Suciatmih, 2019). The optical density of the filtrate was determined by spectrophotometre (Shimadzu) at 530 nm for quantifying the dyes (Suciatmih, 2019). The dyes' yield was calculated as OD units (UA530).…”

“…The pre-mordanting technique was performed in this study (Suciatmih, 2019). Briefly, cloth (4 cm × 4 cm or 0.24 g) was dipped in required mordanting solution 1.2% (1: 30 w/v) (material: liquor) for 30 min at 90ºC; and then it dyed with the dyes at material to the liquor of 1: 30 w/v, for 30 min at 90ºC and left overnight.…”

“…According to Dufosse et al (2014), filamentous fungus is one of the potential organisms to synthesize and secrete an extraordinary pigment molecule such as quinone, monascins, violacein, and indigoids. It has been reported that dyes production by mixed Aspergillus and Paecilomyces and its coloring on cotton cloth increased by optimizing culture condition (Suciatmih, 2019). However the effect of culture condition such as medium, incubation temperature, and medium pH that combined with dyeing condition such as mordant and dyeing pH to stain cloth has not been determined.…”

The Evaluation of the Combination of Additives and Fungal Dyes to Produce Color for Textile Painting

“…Previous research reported that mixed Aspergillus and Paecilomyces produced 187A greyed-purple dye and could dye cloths (Suciatmih et al 2018;Suciatmih 2019;Suciatmih 2020), but its ability to paint pictures was untested. Using mixed fungi is intended to maintain the fungi's ability to produce dye.…”