Optimization of Culture Conditions (Sucrose, pH, and Photoperiod) forIn VitroRegeneration and Early Detection of Somaclonal Variation in Ginger Lime (Citrus assamensis)

Abstract

Various explants (stem, leaf, and root) of Citrus assamensis were cultured on MS media supplemented with various combinations and concentrations (0.5–2.0 mgL−1) of NAA and BAP. Optimum shoot and root regeneration were obtained from stem cultures supplemented with 1.5 mgL−1 NAA and 2.0 mgL−1 BAP, respectively. Explant type affects the success of tissue culture of this species, whereby stem explants were observed to be the most responsive. Addition of 30 gL−1 sucrose and pH of 5.8 was most optimum for in vitro regeneration of this species. Photoperiod of 16 hours of light and 8 hours of darkness was most optimum for shoot regeneration, but photoperiod of 24 hours of darkness was beneficial for production of callus. The morphology (macro and micro) and anatomy of in vivo and in vitro/ex vitro Citrus assamensis were also observed to elucidate any irregularities (or somaclonal variation) that may arise due to tissue culture protocols. Several minor micromorphological and anatomical differences were observed, possibly due to stress of tissue culture, but in vitro plantlets are expected to revert back to normal phenotype following full adaptation to the natural environment.

The Effect of Gelling agent, medium pH and silver nitrate on adventitious shoot regeneration inSolanum tuberosum

“…Most of the reports are mainly focussed on Plant Growth regulators (PGRs), but, studies on the role of other factors such as gelling agents, light intensity, medium pH, silver nitrate etc. in shoot organogenesis remains very limited (Cui et al 2000, Kumar et al 2003, Kumar et al 2010, Yaacob et al 2014. Medium pH and gelling agents are seen as one of the most important factors due to their role in regulation of medium nutrient solubility and their uptake by the explants (George 1993, Bhatia andAshwath 2005).…”

<i>In vitro</i> Germination and Phytoremediation Potential of Endemic Plant Species <i>Verbascum phrygium</i> Bornm. Growing under Zinc Stress

“…However, Shi et al [44] has reported that the medium pH between 5.5 and 7.5 is suitable for apple tissue culture. Yaacob et al [45] stated that shoot formation occurred faster (30 days) and shooting percentage also higher at pH 5.8, compared to pH 4.8 and 6.8 in Citrus assamensis. Thus, seeds of V. phyrigium tolerate a range of pH in tissue culture conditions (5.5-7.0).…”

Direct shoot regeneration from cotyledon, leaf and root ofCitrus jambhiriLush

“…Contrariwise, as per the search for the literature in 'Google Search', there is no finding on direct regeneration of shoots from cotyledon of citrus species. Ample references are also available on direct shoot multiplication from nodal segments [1,6,7,9,15,16], shoot tips [6,7,16,17], cotyledonary node [18,19], axillary buds [20] and meristem culture [21] Direct plantlet regeneration from leaf segments represent a promising tool for massmultiplication of citrus keeping the genetic fidelity intact. To date, direct organogenesis from leaf explants of C. jambhiri is not available.…”