The present article aims to optimize the decarbonization of Timahdit oil shale layer Y by removing carbonates from the raw rock using acetic acid. The response surface methodology “central composite design (CCD)†has been used as a method of optimization to study the 3 factors of the process. The factors studied are the concentration of the acid, the processing time, and the ratio (liquid/solid). The optimal conditions with 68.17% of residue rate are obtained with 2 mol/l as concentration, 120 min as a time of treatment and 10.02 for the ratio.The raw (Y) and optimized materials (YO) were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results showed that the acetic acid used to remove carbonates affects the chemical composition and the texture evolution of the residues.