Optimization of Aqueous and Alcoholic Extraction of Phenolic and Antioxidant Compounds From Caper (Capparis spinosa L.) Roots Assisted by Ultrasound Waves

Abstract

Background: Herbals are rich in effective compounds such as phenolic and antioxidant. Various methods are developed to extract these compounds, including Soxhlet, maceration, microwave, and ultrasound. The extraction method affects the quantity and quality of materials. Objectives: The current study aimed to investigate the effect of ultrasound in phenolic and antioxidants compounds extraction from Caper roots. Methods: Response surface methodology (RSM) and Box-Behnken design were used to optimize the two extraction parameters, including extraction time (10, 25, and 40 min) and ultrasound power (40%, 70%, 100 %) by aqueous and alcoholic solvents. Results: Based on the results, ultrasound power was more effective than the extraction time. A direct association was observed between ultrasound power and the extraction time with the total extraction. The optimum aqueous and alcoholic extraction condition for phenolic and antioxidant compounds extraction were as follow: extraction time 36 min and ultrasound power 91 percent. Total phenolic content was obtained 14.96 mg/g with aqueous solvent and 17.24 mg/g with alcoholic solvent, and IC50 was 52.17 µg/mg with aqueous solvent and 40.20 µg/mg with alcoholic solvent. Conclusions: Overall, alcoholic extracts had more phenolic and antioxidant compounds than aqueous extracts.

Antioxidant, Antifungal and Phytochemical Investigations of Capparis spinosa L.

“…These results are similar to the conclusions drawn by our study. The difference in the amount of total phenolic compounds may be due to differences in environmental conditions, plant growth, and experimental conditions [30].…”

Advanced extraction techniques for Berberis species phytochemicals: A review

“…Ultrasound‐assisted extraction (UAE) is one of the common advanced low cost and energy extraction techniques based on cavitation by ultrasound waves, which improves mass transfer across the cell membranes, disturbs the cell walls of the plant and reduces the particles, and thus the extraction efficiency (Poorhashemi et al ., 2019; Safarzaei et al ., 2020). UAE was used the prepare barberry ( Berberis vulgaris ) root bark extracts using aqueous glycerol as a solvent (Dulić et al ., 2019).…”

Evaluation of the total antioxidant capacity of <em>Oliveria decumbens</em> and <em>Capparis spinosa</em>

“…11,12 This plant's roots and flower buds contain pectin, saponin, aminoglycosides, and a substance known as caparirutin. 5 Furthermore, in biological and chemical tests, aqueous-ethanolic extracts of the leaves demonstrated antioxidant activity. 13 Traditional medicine relies heavily on medicinal plant extracts and active compounds for the majority of treatment.…”

“…C. spinosa, also known as Flinders rose, is a perennial plant with rounded, fleshy leaves and large white to pinkish-white flowers. 5 The majority of the Capparaceae family is comprised of wild plants. 6,7 Its fruits have traditionally been used to treat diabetes, headaches, fever, and rheumatism.…”

“…These compounds are used in medicine, food, cosmetics, and agriculture; 15,16 they also inhibit microbial activity and can kill germs without affecting consumer health. 5 The use of plants in the treatment of diseases, particularly infectious diseases, has grown in recent years, 1 owing primarily to the negative side effects of synthetic medicinal compounds. 17 Herbal derivatives, which are inspired by herbs, account for approximately 30 to 50 percent of all drugs available in pharmacies.…”