Optimization of Antioxidant Extraction From Kalumpit (Terminalia Microcarpa Decne) Fruits

Abstract

The effects of extraction parameters, including temperature (25 – 80 °C), time (30 – 90 min), solvent to sample (S/S) ratio (10 – 50 mL g-1), initial pH (3 - 8) and ethanol concentration (20 – 100%), on the % 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity of kalumpit were screened and optimized using 2-level factorial design and Box-Behnken design (BBD) of experiments. Temperature, S/S ratio, and ethanol concentration exhibited significant effects on the % DPPH radical scavenging activity of kalumpit extract. Response surface models developed for % DPPH and 2,2-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging activities of kalumpit fruit extract adequately fit and were used to determine the optimum extraction conditions. A desirability function approach determined the optimum conditions for solvent extraction of antioxidants at 80.0 °C, 10 mL g-1 S/S, and 51.66% ethanol concentration. This resulted in a maximum desirability value of 0.977 and predicted % DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities of 66.63 and 82.14, respectively. Validation of the adequacy of the predictive models showed no significant difference between experimental data and predicted values (p > 0.05), indicating that the models developed were adequate in describing the relationship between factors and responses.

Green extraction of bioactive compounds from Azadirachta indica in aqueous glycerol and modelling and optimisation by response surface methodology

“…A set of optimised conditions for all the response factors was determined by a statistical operation called the numerical optimisation (Jabraili et al, 2021;Santiago et al, 2021;Ozguven and Ozturk, 2022). The operation was done on the Design Expert software referred to above by setting on the software the input factors at "in range" goal and all the responses at "none" goal with the importance value as 3.…”