“…Plasmonic metal nanoparticles (MNPs) such as gold (Au), silver (Ag), platinum (Pt), copper (Cu), and aluminium (Al) have received great interest in the fields of biology, chemistry, energy, and information. , These types of MNPs have also been employed for the manufacture of SERS substrates because of their unique properties including stability, easy manufacturing process, and good functioning with SERS (Figure ). In MNPs-based substrates, the nanogaps can generate hot spots using aggregation, of which the nanoparticles have the benefits of high enhancement factor, tunable shape, and superior biocompatibility . The optical properties of nanoparticles (e.g., absorption, transmission, reflection, and light emission) are dynamic and can be changed as a function of particle size and surface morphology.…”