In this review, we report the recent research progress in the area of design and synthesis of tin sulfide and selenide (SnS, SnS2, SnSe, and SnSe2) based anode materials for Li-ion batteries and Na-ion batteries.

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In this work, we synthesized N, F, P ternary doped macroporous carbon fibers (NFPC) for the first time and it exhibits efficient electrocatalytic activity as a bifunctional catalyst for ORR, OER and Zn-air batteries.

Ample evidence suggests that almost all polypeptides can either adopt a native structure (folded or intrinsically disordered) or form misfolded amyloid fibrils. Soluble protein oligomers exist as an intermediate between these two states, and their cytotoxicity has been implicated in the pathology of multiple human diseases. However, the mechanism by which soluble protein oligomers develop into insoluble amyloid fibrils is not clear, and investigation of this important issue is hindered by the unavailability of stable protein oligomers. Here, we have obtained stabilized protein oligomers generated from common native proteins. These oligomers exert strong cytotoxicity and display a common conformational structure shared with known protein oligomers. They are soluble and remain stable in solution. Intriguingly, the stabilized protein oligomers interact preferentially with both nucleic acids and glycosaminoglycans (GAG), which facilitates their rapid conversion into insoluble amyloid. Concomitantly, binding with nucleic acids or GAG strongly diminished the cytotoxicity of the protein oligomers. EGCG, a small molecule that was previously shown to directly bind to protein oligomers, effectively inhibits the conversion to amyloid. These results indicate that stabilized oligomers of common proteins display characteristics similar to those of disease-associated protein oligomers and represent immediate precursors of less toxic amyloid fibrils. Amyloid conversion is potently expedited by certain physiological factors, such as nucleic acids and GAGs. These findings concur with reports of cofactor involvement with disease-associated amyloid and shed light on potential means to interfere with the pathogenic properties of misfolded proteins.

Background:The androgen signaling pathway mediated through the AR is critical in prostate tumorigenesis. However, the precise role of AR in prostate tumorigenesis still remains largely unknown. Specifically, it is unclear whether overexpression of AR is sufficient to induce prostate tumor formation in vivo. Results: Conditional expression of the human AR transgene in R26hAR loxP :Osr1-Creϩ mice induces mouse prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (mPIN) and prostatic adenocarcinoma formation. Conclusion: We demonstrated that conditional expression of transgenic AR induces prostate tumor formation in mice. Significance: This new AR transgenic mouse line mimics the human prostate cancer and can be used for study of prostate tumorigenesis and drug development.

A high performance humidity sensor with the advantages of both graphene and SnOx/CFs.

Transition metal oxides are promising high-capacity anode materials for next-generation lithium-ion batteries. However, their cycle life remains a limiting factor with respect to their commercial applications. The development of transition-metal oxide anode materials with long lifespans through a facile route has become an important issue. A straightforward strategy is designed for the fabrication of a NiCo 2 O 4 nanoplates-reduced graphene oxide sheets (NiCo 2 O 4 -RGO) composite. It displays a high reversible capacity of 816 mA h g À1 over 70 cycles with 80.1% capacity retention of the 2nd cycle and excellent rate capability. Its rate capability and cycling stability are enhanced in comparison with those of pure NiCo 2 O 4 nanoplates. The as-obtained nanocomposite avoids the problems of dispersion and aggregation induced by cracking or pulverization of the transition-metal oxide upon cycling. The graphene or reduced graphene oxide not only works as a substrate to provide room for loading scattered grains, but also serves as a conductive network to facilitate the collection and transportation of electrons during the cycling, indirectly increasing the conductivity of NiCo 2 O 4 .

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