Optimization of 18-karat yellow gold alloys for the additive manufacturing of jewelry and watch parts

Klotz, Ulrich; Tiberto, Dario; Held, Franz

doi:10.1007/s13404-017-0201-4

Cited by 28 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Cracking of gold alloys with low amounts of additional alloying elements have been previously reported in the literature [37]. These alloys have similar physical properties to the copper alloys studied in this paper, so cracking seems to be a general concern when alloying this class of materials.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

“…However, this correlation indicates that thin powder coatings might be an interesting strategy for improving the quality of parts fabricated from materials like Cu or Au, as it increases the coupled power of the powder bed, leading to a wider processing window for a given powder composition. Cracking of gold alloys with low amounts of additional alloying elements have been previously reported in the literature [37]. These alloys have similar physical properties to the copper alloys studied in this paper, so cracking seems to be a general concern when alloying this class of materials.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

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Laser Powder Bed Fusion of Metal Coated Copper Powders

et al. 2020

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Laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) of copper alloys with high copper content is difficult due to the high infrared reflectivity and thermal conductivity of these alloys. In this study a simple and scalable method for coating copper powder with tin and nickel is presented, and suggested as an alloying strategy for such alloys. The coated powders were processed in a commercial L-PBF-machine at various scanning speeds. The samples made from coated powders show a lower amount of porosity compared to samples made from in-situ alloyed powders of similar composition.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

Laser Powder Bed Fusion of Metal Coated Copper Powders

et al. 2020

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“…They are characterized by thicknesses less than 0.2 µm and precious metal concentrations lower than one gram per liter. There are yellow [90], light and white [91], pink [92], and blue [93] golds. Moreover, the so-called black golds, containing Co and Ru in the alloy, are also on the market [94].…”

Section: Goldmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electroplating for Decorative Applications: Recent Trends in Research and Development

et al. 2018

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Electroplating processes are widely employed in industrial environments for a large variety of metallic coatings, ranging from technological to decorative applications. Even if the galvanic electrodeposition is certainly a mature technology, new concepts, novel applications, environmental legislation and the new material requirements for next-generation devices make the scientific research in this field still very active. This review focuses mostly at the decorative and wearable applications, and aims to create a bridge between the past knowledge and the future direction that this process, i.e., electrodeposition, is taking. Both the theoretical fundamentals as well as some of the most widespread practical applications-limited to metallic and alloy coatings-are explored. As an integral part of the industrial process, we take a look at the main techniques thought which the quality control of deposits and surfaces is carried out. Finally, global industrial performance and research directions towards sustainable solutions are highlighted.

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“…Moreover, for printing in commercial machines, a non-negligible amount of metallic powder is needed to fill the powder supply, which tends to make AM of gold alloys rather uneconomical. Despite these obstacles, L-PBF of precious metals, including gold, is receiving increasing interest, in particular, from the jewelry and watch industries [3][4][5][6][7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Likewise, the high cost associated with material loss also seriously limits the use of optical microscopy on mechanical sections of representative volumes. Klotz et al [7] conducted a full process study on the L-PBF of yellow gold alloys and analyzed the porosities in the printed samples by mechanical polishing. The effects of the heat treatment and alloying addition (Fe and Ge) on the optical reflectivity and, as a result, on the final porosity were analyzed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping Spatial Distribution of Pores in an Additively Manufactured Gold Alloy Using Neutron Microtomography

et al. 2021

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A crucial criterion for the quality of the additively manufactured parts is the porosity content for achieving an acceptable final relative density. In addition, for jewelry applications, visible pores are unacceptable at or in the vicinity of the surface. In this study, non-destructive 3D neutron microtomography is applied to map the spatial distribution of pores in additively manufactured red-gold samples. The 3D imaging assessment underlines the high relative density of the printed red-gold sample and indicates residual pore sizes are predominantly below the limit of concern for jewelry applications. The 3D maps of pores within printed samples highlight the effect of the scanning strategy on the final quality and location of pores in the printed samples. These results confirm that neutron microtomography is a novel and precise tool to characterize residual porosity in additively manufactured gold alloys and other higher-Z materials where such investigation using other non-destructive methods (such as X-rays) is challenging due to the limited penetration depth.

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Optimization of 18-karat yellow gold alloys for the additive manufacturing of jewelry and watch parts

Cited by 28 publications

References 3 publications

Laser Powder Bed Fusion of Metal Coated Copper Powders

Laser Powder Bed Fusion of Metal Coated Copper Powders

Electroplating for Decorative Applications: Recent Trends in Research and Development

Mapping Spatial Distribution of Pores in an Additively Manufactured Gold Alloy Using Neutron Microtomography

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