Optimization Methods for the Extraction of Vegetable Oils: A Review

Abstract

Most seed oils are edible while some are used generally as raw material for soap production, chocolate, margarine, and recently in biodiesel formulations as potential candidates capable of replacing fossil fuels which are costly and destructive to the environment. Oilseeds are a green and major reservoir which when properly exploited can be used sustainably for the production of chemicals at both the laboratory and industrial scales. Oil extraction is one of the most critical steps in seed oil processing because it determines the quality and quantity of oil extracted. Optimization of the extraction conditions for each extraction method enhances yield and quality meanwhile a carefully chosen optimization process equally has the potential of saving time and heat requirements with an associated consequence on cost reduction of the entire process. In this review, the techniques used to optimize oil extraction from plant materials which can be consulted by stakeholders in the field are brought to focus and the merits and demerits of these methods highlighted. Additionally, different types of optimization techniques used for various processes including modeling and the software employed in the optimization processes are discussed. Finally, the quality of the oil as affected by the methods of extraction and the optimization process used are also presented.

Gurum Seeds: A Potential Source of Edible Oil

“…[ 27,28 ] Recently the plant seed oil is extracted by using various novel extraction techniques such as enzyme‐assisted extraction, microwave‐assisted extraction, ultrasound‐assisted extraction, supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) methods, and the combinations of these extraction techniques. [ 29 ] This review aims to discuss those extraction techniques already used for the extraction of gurum seeds oil to date. The process details, parameters, advantages, and disadvantages of the used methods used are presented in Table 3 .…”

“…[ 02 ] This method depends on the capability of the solvent to solubilize the oils with or without heating treatment. [ 29,45 ] Solvents commonly used for oil extraction are petroleum ether, hexane, ethanol, and diethyl ether. The extraction process could be done by batch percolation at ambient temperature or by Soxhlet apparatus at different temperatures.…”

Extraction modeling, kinetics, and thermodynamics of solvent extraction of Irvingia gabonensis kernel oil, for possible industrial application

“…Some of these methods are solvent extraction, sonication-assisted extraction; microwave-assisted extraction, supercritical fluid extraction, accelerated solvent extraction, and so on. 20 However, solvent extraction method using Soxhlet extractor was adopted in this study because of the simplicity, high oil yield, and oil quality associated with the method. 20,21 Solvent extraction method has been utilized severally for extraction of oil from fruits, seeds and nuts.…”

“…20 However, solvent extraction method using Soxhlet extractor was adopted in this study because of the simplicity, high oil yield, and oil quality associated with the method. 20,21 Solvent extraction method has been utilized severally for extraction of oil from fruits, seeds and nuts. Some of these fruits, seeds, and nuts are, Hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.), 22 Maclura pomifera (Rafin.)…”

Green Solvent Improving Mechanical Disruption of Palm Kernel Oil Extraction

“…Mechanical processes offer a simple and environmentally friendly extraction method. This extraction method is preferred in rural areas, as it requires low cost investment and semi-trained persons to operate (Nde and Foncha 2020;Bhuiya et al 2020). In addition the by-product contains no toxic organic residue and can be used directly for other purposes, particularly for animal feed uses (Dal Prá et al 2018).…”