Optimization designs of artificial facilities in deserts based on computational simulation

Abstract

Sediment transport of sand particles by wind is one of the main processes leading to desertification in arid regions, which severely impairs the ability of mankind to produce and live by drifting sand into settlements. Optimization designs of artificial facilities have lately attracted extensive interest for human settlement systems in deserts because of their acceptable protection effect, convenience of implementation, and low material cost. However, the complexity of a settlement system poses challenges concerning finding suitable materials, artificial facilities, and optimization designs for sand deposition protection. In an effort to overcome these challenges, we propose a settlement system built with brick, solar panel, and building arrays to meet the basic needs of human settlements in arid regions while preventing wind-sand disasters. The wind flow and movement characteristics of sand particles in the brick, panel, and building arrays were calculated using computational fluid dynamics and discrete phase model. The performance of three types of arrays in wind-sand flow in terms of decreasing the wind velocity and sandparticle invasion distance was evaluated. The results show that the wind velocity near the surface and the sand invasion distance were significantly decreased in the space between the brick arrays through properly selected vertical size and interspaces, indicating that the brick arrays have an impressive sand fixing and blocking performance; their effective protection distance was 3-4 m. The building arrays increased the nearsurface wind velocity among buildings, resulting in less deposition of sand particles. The solar panel arrays were similar to the building arrays in most cases, but the deposition of sand particles on solar panels exerted a negative effect on energy utilization efficiency. Therefore, taking the optimal configuration of the settlement system into consideration, this study concludes that (1) brick arrays, which were proven effective in preventing sand particles, must be arranged in an upwind area; (2) solar panel arrays could accelerate the wind flow, so they are best to be arranged at the place where sand particles deposited easily; and (3) building arrays present a better arrangement in downwind areas.

Numerical study on wind profiles change trend of upright reticulation barriers under different configuration models

“…The research results of Zhang et al (2018) on the characteristics of wind-blown sand flow under the different inclined angles of the sand barrier show that increasing the inclined angle of the sand barrier can enhance the blocking effect of the sand barrier on airflow. When the inclined angle of the sand barrier is 90 °-135 °, the sand control effect is the best (Dun et al, 2021). The study of Zhang et al (2022) on windbreak and dust suppression networks shows that the checkerboard barrier with an angle of 50 °near the ground has better wind and sand shielding effect than the checkerboard barrier with an angle of 30 °.…”

Field Observation on the Spatial Characteristic of Wind-Blown Sand along the Hetian-Rouqiang Railway

“…Although several mature sand-control methods are proposed [3][4][5][6][7], reasonable solution still need be formulated according to the local characteristics of sand transport. Especially for the project with large space span like HRR which includes various landforms and climate conditions, so the first-hand observation data about aeolian sand transport is essential important.…”