Optimization and validation of a low temperature microwave-assisted extraction method for analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in airborne particulate matter

Karthikeyan, Sathrugnan; Balasubramanian, Rajasekhar; See, Siao Wei

doi:10.1016/j.talanta.2005.08.060

Cited by 72 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…For this work, outdoor PM samples from Oporto (north of Portugal) were collected in PTFE membrane filters for sampling periods of 12 and 24 h. Usually quartz or glass fiber filters are used but these filters require a preheating at 4008C for 24 h prior to use in order to reduce their water and organic matter blank values [19]. The PTFE filters do not require this pretreatment and are appropriate to PM sampling at a low air flow and sampling time.…”

Section: Microwave-assisted Extractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Apolar solvents such as hexane do not meet this requirement and despite the fact that they are known to be appropriate for aromatic compounds they cannot be used alone. On the other hand, only a few works were devoted to find a suitable solvent for the MAE of PAHs from airborne [19] and diesel [30] PM. In this to reduce the loss of analytes during sample preparation.…”

Section: Chromatographic Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in atmospheric particulate samples by microwave‐assisted extraction and liquid chromatography

Castro

Slezáková

Oliva-Teles

et al. 2009

J of Separation Science

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A methodology based on microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) and LC with fluorescence detection (FLD) was investigated for the efficient determination of 15 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) regarded as priority pollutants by the US Environmental Protection Agency and dibenzo(a,l)pyrene in atmospheric particulate samples. PAHs were successfully extracted from real outdoor particulate matter (PM) samples with recoveries ranging from 81.4 l 8.8 to 112.0 l 1.1%, for all the compounds except for naphthalene (62.3 l 18.0%) and anthracene (67.3 l 5.7%), under the optimum MAE conditions (30.0 mL of ACN for 20 min at 1108C). No clean-up steps were necessary prior to LC analysis. LOQs ranging from 0.0054 ng/m 3 for benzo(a)anthracene to 0.089 ng/m 3 for naphthalene were reached. The validated MAE methodology was applied to the determination of PAHs from a set of real world PM samples collected in Oporto (north of Portugal). The sum of particulate-bound PAHs in outdoor PM ranged from 2.5 and 28 ng/m 3 .

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Section: Microwave-assisted Extractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Chromatographic Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in atmospheric particulate samples by microwave‐assisted extraction and liquid chromatography

Castro

Slezáková

Oliva-Teles

et al. 2009

J of Separation Science

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show abstract

“…Microwave sharply relies on the dielectric susceptibility not merely the solvent but also solid plant matrix (Zuloaga, 1999). Moreover, there were many reports on applicating of microwave in environmental residues (Letellier and Budzinski, 1999;Zuloaga et al, 1999;Sanghi and Kannamkumarath, 2004;Karthikeyan et al, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microwave assisted Soxhlet extraction of essential oil from Vietnamese Star anise fruits (Illicium verum Hook.f.) and their chemical composition

Nam

Lien²,

Hoa

et al. 2017

Emir. J. Food Agric

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“…Quartz fiber filters were cut into half using ceramic scissors and extracted for PAHs using microwave digestion as described in Karthikeyan et al (2006b). A 20 mL mixture of acetone: hexane (1:1) was used as extraction solvent.…”

Section: Extraction Of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (Pahs)mentioning

confidence: 99%

PM2.5 Emissions from Hand-Held Sparklers: Chemical Characterization and Health Risk Assessment

Betha

Balasubramanian

2014

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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The central goal of this work is to improve our understanding of the distinctive and unusual chemistry of aerosol particles released from firework displays and their potential health risks due to inhalation exposure. The chemical composition of fine particles (PM 2.5 ) released from three commonly used sparklers (low smoke sparklers (LSS), whistling sparklers (WS) and colored sparklers (CS)) was investigated. In particular, total and water soluble elemental fractions (22 elements) and 13 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in PM 2.5 were quantified. The particulate emissions from LSS had relatively lower particulate-bound metals and less water-soluble fractions in them compared to those from WS and CS. However, PAHs were found to be relatively higher in LSS compared to those from WS and CS. Health risk due to inhalation of PM 2.5 emitted from all the three types of sparklers was estimated for various dilution conditions including the case with little or no dispersion of particles. It was observed that WS had the highest carcinogenic risk (25 × 10 -6 for adults and 75 × 10 -6 for children) followed by CS (2.6 × 10 -6 for adults and 7.9 × 10 -6 for children) and LSS (7.6 × 10 -7 for adults and 2.6 × 10 -6 for children) for the worst case scenario of no dilution of emitted particles during inhalation. This carcinogenic risk is pronounced only when there is no or very low dilution (~10) of emitted particles during inhalation. The health risk estimates for all sparkler types are below acceptable limits for dilution factors above 80 and thus exposure to PM 2.5 in sparkler emissions is unlikely to have serious health effects. The water soluble fraction of metals (bioavailable metals) made a major contribution to the carcinogenic health risk due to inhalation of PM 2.5 released from WS (~100%) and CS (~96%) while PAHs played a major role in the carcinogenic risk associated with PM 2.5 from LSS (~66%).

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Optimization and validation of a low temperature microwave-assisted extraction method for analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in airborne particulate matter

Cited by 72 publications

References 47 publications

Analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in atmospheric particulate samples by microwave‐assisted extraction and liquid chromatography

Analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in atmospheric particulate samples by microwave‐assisted extraction and liquid chromatography

Microwave assisted Soxhlet extraction of essential oil from Vietnamese Star anise fruits (Illicium verum Hook.f.) and their chemical composition

PM2.5 Emissions from Hand-Held Sparklers: Chemical Characterization and Health Risk Assessment

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