Optimization and Modeling of Sparse Conformal Retrodirective Array

Sparsening Conformal Arrays Through a Versatile $BCS$-Based Method

“…Concerning regular conformal arrangements, several solutions including projection-based methods [3]- [5], [8], [9], iterative least square techniques [10]- [12], adaptive methods [13], linear programming [14], and stochastic optimizers such as simulated annealing [15], particle swarm, and genetic algorithms [16]- [19] have been proposed to determine the optimal excitations. Nevertheless, few methodologies have been developed so far for synthesizing non-regular layouts [20] even though non-uniform geometrical configurations provide in principle several advantages over regular architectures in terms of weight, consumption, feeding network complexity, computational burden, and costs [20]. Thanks to these features, sparse conformal arrays turn out to be Manuscript attractive architectural solutions especially when the available power and the payload are heavily limited such as in unmanned aerial vehicles [20].…”

“…Nevertheless, few methodologies have been developed so far for synthesizing non-regular layouts [20] even though non-uniform geometrical configurations provide in principle several advantages over regular architectures in terms of weight, consumption, feeding network complexity, computational burden, and costs [20]. Thanks to these features, sparse conformal arrays turn out to be Manuscript attractive architectural solutions especially when the available power and the payload are heavily limited such as in unmanned aerial vehicles [20]. As for the state-of-the art literature on non-regular conformal design, a -based procedure [21] has been recently introduced for designing retrodirective array [20].…”

“…As for the state-of-the art literature on non-regular conformal design, a -based procedure [21] has been recently introduced for designing retrodirective array [20]. Such an approach yields excellent sidelobe level control over a wide scan angle [20] thanks to the well-known effectiveness of evolutionary algorithms in solving non-regular array design problems [22], [23], even though it cannot be easily applied to large layouts owing to the arising computational burden and the convergence issues [20], [21].…”

An optimal design of a cylindrical polarimetric phased array radar for weather sensing

“…Although these techniques are fast, the effect of coupling between elements is not usually taken into account. Optimization techniques including genetic algorithm (GA), particle swarm optimization (PSO), and simulated annealing (SA) are also applied to the conformal array antennas synthesis problem [Yang et al, 2009;Sun et al, 2010;Li et al, 2010;Boeringer and Werner, 2005;Ferreira and Ares, 1997]. Although optimization techniques are more efficient in obtaining the desired radiation pattern, they are very expensive for large array antennas, especially when an accurate analysis is considered.…”

An Arbitrary Conformal Array Pattern Synthesis Method That Include Mutual Coupling and Platform Effects

“…Because conformal arrays generally are curved, new far-field behaviors emerge [1][2][3][4][5], and most of the traditional linear and planar array synthesis methods are not valid. A variety of techniques have been used to solve the synthesis problem for conformal array, such as interpolation technique [6], space mapping technique [7], non-linear optimization method [8], intersection approach [9], least squares methods [10], simulated annealing technique [11], adaptive array theory [12], and particle swarm optimization [13].…”