Optimization and characterization of zeolite-titanate for ibuprofen elimination by sonication/hydrogen peroxide/ultraviolet activity

The performance of TiO2 /NaY-zeolite nanocomposite in photocatalytic degradation of Microcystin-LR from aqueous solutions: Optimization by response surface methodology (RSM)

“…In Figure 4b, the absorption peaks at wavenumbers of 600 to 1000 cm −1 was related to Ti-O-Ti bands (40,44). Also, a peak appeared at wavenumbers of 1600 and 3500 cm −1 was related to the OH stretching of water (H 2 O) or hydroxyl groups on the surface of TiO 2 , which has a very important role in the photocatalytic reaction (32,45,46). In Figure 4c, the FTIR spectra of T/N-Z nanocomposite indicated that the absorption vibration peaks at wavenumbers of 438 and 1038 cm −1 was related to the Si-O group.…”

“…For example, numerous studies have been performed on the use of the combination of TiO 2 with Bi-based semiconductors such as Bi-TiO 2 (30) and bismuth oxyhalides (BiOXs, X = Cl, Br, I) (31) or the combination of TiO 2 with metallic compounds such as Ag/AgCl/TiO 2 (23), or graphene-TiO2 (9) and CdS/B-TiO 2 (29) for photocatalytic degradation of MC-LR. Also, the combination of TiO 2 with zeolite has been used for removal of various pollutants such as VOCs, ibuprofen, sulfadiazine, and benzene, which has shown favorable results (28,32,33). However, no study has been conducted to investigate the effect of the combination of TiO 2 /zeolite on removal of MC-LR.…”

Ultrasound as an Advanced Oxidative Process: A Review on Treating Pharmaceutical Compounds

“…The coupling of photocatalysis with sonolysis provides a greater production of hydroxyl radicals in the reaction mixture, an increased mass transfer between the liquid phase and the surface of the catalyst, and excitation of the latter by ultrasonic‐induced luminescence. In addition, ultrasound disaggregates the particles of the catalyst, improving its catalytic activity and, consequently, the surface área 80, 81, 123. The synergy between the two techniques for degradation of pharmaceutical compounds was also observed when employing semiconductors with smaller particle size and/or ultrasound operation at a relatively low frequency 124.…”

“…Some heterogeneous catalysts such as metal oxides, metal mixtures, nano‐sized TiO 2 , TiO 2 nanotubes, glass spheres, ZnO nanoparticles, among others, are even more promising in accelerating sonochemical reactions 69, 77–79. The effect is based on the improvement of cavitation by enlarging the surface area of the catalysts and the formation of OH on metal surfaces due to the collapse and rebound of cavitation bubbles close to the solid limit 80, 81.…”

“…Farhadi et al. 80 produced a photocatalyst based on the coating of titanium oxide by zeolites by the sol‐gel method to remove IBU. The highest percentage of IBU degradation for the synergistic system was approximately 98 %.…”