Optimización de un sistema de cultivo in vitro basado en cotiledonesmaduros para la inducción de callos embriogénicos en algarrobo (Ceratoniasiliqua L.)
Abstract:Introducción: El algarrobo (Ceratonia siliqua L.) es una de las especies cultivadas másimportantes en el área mediterránea. La especie tiene alta demanda en el mercado, pero losmétodos tradicionales de propagación no han logrado satisfacerla; por tanto, el uso de técnicasin vitro parece apropiado para el establecimiento de huertos a gran escala. Objetivos: Evaluar los efectos de cinco genotipos de algarrobo en la inducción de callosembrionarios y optimizar la composición del medio de cultivo para un m… Show more
Background and Aim: The potential solution is to use agro-industrial by-products as an unconventional source of raw materials for broiler feed. This study aims to determine the effects of substituting prickly pear (FB; Opuntia ficus-indica) husks for corn and FB seed cake for soybean meal on the production performance, slaughter characteristics, and chemical composition of broiler meat.
Materials and Methods: Two hundred day-old chicks of equal sex ratio (1:1) of Big Fast strain, weighing on average 37±2g, were randomly divided into four homogeneous groups of 50 subjects each. Each group was subdivided into 10 packs of five animals, which were banded and numbered. Rations with substitution rates of 0%, 10%, 20%, and 30% of corn and soybean meal by dehydrated husks and FB cake were randomly distributed among the groups.
Results: Average daily gains and body weights on 48 days were improved (p<0.05) in 10% and 20% groups, while the 30% group performed identically to the control. Cold carcass yield was optimal in 10% and 20% groups. The liver weight of the experimental groups decreased significantly (p<0.05), while their gizzard weight increased significantly (+24 points). The meat protein rate evolved proportionally to the substitution rate, whereas the fat rate depreciated by up to –1.08 points for the 30% group compared to the control.
Conclusion: Incorporating FB processing by-products into broiler feed at rates of 10% and 20% improves zootechnical performance, carcass yields, and the chemical composition of the meat.
The olive psyllid Euphyllura olivina Costa (Homoptera, Psyllidae) causes considerable damage in olive groves in the Mediterranean basin, there by affecting production. To assess the rate of infestation and provide elements of integrated pest management, we monitored the life cycle and bio–ecology of this pest through population counts on the leaves and twigs of the tree from 29 March 2019 to 27 March 2020 at two relatively distant olive farms (Ain fares and Oued taria) in the wilaya of Mascara, Algeria. Our results showed that infestation was high on trees in the Oued taria farm. We found that E. olivina developed two generations per year, in spring, influenced by the climatic factors. The difference between the relative abundance of the different life stages (eggs, larval instar 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, female and male) in the cardinals orientations was significant. Infestation was highest on the southern and central orientations of the tree. Populations fluctuations were significantly affected by season at both farms.
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