Optimism: Enduring resource or miscalibrated perception?

Purol, Mariah F.; Chopik, William J.

doi:10.1111/spc3.12593

Cited by 15 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…At their core, optimists are “people who expect things to work out well for them; pessimists are people who expect things to work out badly” (Carver & Scheier, 2018: 214). Optimism thus represents the “belief that, in general, good things will happen in the future” (Purol & Chopik, 2021: 2). Fundamentally, optimism represents a set of generalized expectancies about the future that exists even when such longings are not rationally justified (Hmieleski & Baron, 2009).…”

Section: Findings On Four Interrelated Themes Of Ambiguitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Executive Confidence: A Multidisciplinary Review, Synthesis, and Agenda for Future Research

Heavey

Şimşek

Fox

et al. 2022

Journal of Management

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Over the past two decades, scholars of management, finance, accounting, economics, and entrepreneurship have studied the concept and implications of executive confidence in diverse settings. Despite sustained scholarly attention, numerous definitions, interpretations, and operationalizations of executive confidence present a problem for understanding past research and informing future progress. Equally problematic is that past research remains scattered across multiple disciplines, lacking a cohesive and comprehensive integration. Based on an in-depth review of 118 executive confidence studies and 268 studies in the wider confidence literature, we marshal the literature into four overarching themes for an encompassing understanding: (i) conceptualization of executive confidence, (ii) governance mechanisms and pathways of influence, (iii) implications and outcomes, and (iv) origins and antecedents. We leverage the insights of our review to discuss a richer conceptualization of executive confidence and chart an agenda for future research across each of the four themes of our review.

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Section: Findings On Four Interrelated Themes Of Ambiguitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Executive Confidence: A Multidisciplinary Review, Synthesis, and Agenda for Future Research

Heavey

Şimşek

Fox

et al. 2022

Journal of Management

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“…A partner's level of optimism is also associated with better physical health, and fewer functional difficulties (Kim et al, 2014). However, higher levels of optimism may involve unrealistic expectations which could be detrimental to problem solving (Purol & Chopik, 2021). That is, some optimists may be unrealistic in their expectations by perceiving lower risk for an occurrence of a negative event (Weinstein, 1980).…”

Section: Optimism and Problem Solvingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimism, relationship quality, and problem solving discussions: A daily diary study

Leahy

Kashy²,

Donnellan³

et al. 2022

Journal of Social and Personal Relationships

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Problem solving is a necessary part of all successful relationships. The current study examined how naturally occurring day-to-day problem solving discussions were related to daily reports of relationship quality. In addition, we investigated whether optimism was associated with the nature and occurrence of these problems and moderated the association between problem solving discussions and relationship quality. Multilevel modeling was applied to data from 112 couples who completed daily diaries over 14 days ( M age = 28.2, 95.5% heterosexual, 66.5% White). Relationship quality was higher on days when couples did not report a problem discussion, when couples reported at least somewhat solving the problem they discussed, and when the problem discussion did not involve conflict. More optimistic individuals and individuals with more optimistic partners were more likely to resolve problems, less likely to discuss problems specifically about their relationship, and less likely to have problem discussions involving conflict on days when problem discussions occurred. Individuals with partners who were high in optimism reported relatively high relationship quality regardless of whether a problem discussion occurred, whereas those with partners low in optimism reported significantly lower quality on days when such a discussion took place.

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“…In addition to that is a steady attribute consistently connected with the enhanced physical and psychological well-being of the human being. Furthermore, optimistic people encounter larger amounts of positive feelings, have high adaptability to cope with a variety of health crises, and largely report physical and psychological well-being (Purol & Chopik, 2021). (iv) Resilience is the state of flexibility when one is exposed to challenges or difficulties and is also defined as how quickly one overcomes a stressful condition or a trauma.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and Validation of Psychological Capital Scale for Dual Role Individuals: Further Evidence of Psychometric Properties

Batool

Khan

Tariq

2023

JPAP

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The current study aimed to develop and validate the measure of psychological capital (Pychological Capital Scale; PCS)) for dual roles individuals. A conceptual referent theory of positive psychological capital anticipated by Luthans et al. (2004) guided for development of the instrument. Further, factor analysis and reliability of PCS were determined on the sample of 150 dual-role individuals belonging to various educational institutes, government and private organizations, hospitals, software houses, and private firms of Punjab. Additionally, 21 items of the PCS were subjected to principal component analysis and emerged four factors. Each item loaded at above .45 on four factors, labeled as Goal orientation (7 items; 31.07% variance), Optimism (6 items; 8.09% variance), Self-efficacy (5 items; 7.17% variance), and Resilience (3 items; 6.08% variance). The scale items exhibited a high level of internal consistency, which was supported by the reliability estimates of the alpha coefficient (?=.89) and item-total correlation (ranging from .29 to .62, p<.05). The construct validity of the instrument was established with a Positive Psychological Capital (PPC) Scale (Luthans et al., 2004) and a Stress Scale (subscale of Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) (Osman et al., 2012) on the sample of dual-role individuals. Additionally, confirmatory factor analysis of the measurement model indicated a four-factor solution for measuring psychological capital. Furthermore, the reliability and validity analyses of the scale demonstrated its high reliability and validity in assessing the level of psychological capital in individuals with dual roles. The scale's psychometric properties are further examined, along with limitations and suggestions.

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Optimism: Enduring resource or miscalibrated perception?

Cited by 15 publications

References 77 publications

Executive Confidence: A Multidisciplinary Review, Synthesis, and Agenda for Future Research

Executive Confidence: A Multidisciplinary Review, Synthesis, and Agenda for Future Research

Optimism, relationship quality, and problem solving discussions: A daily diary study

Development and Validation of Psychological Capital Scale for Dual Role Individuals: Further Evidence of Psychometric Properties

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