Optimism and pessimism are related to different components of the stress response in healthy older people

Puig‐Pérez, Sara; Villada, Carolina; Pulopulos, Matías M.; Almela, Mercedes; Salvador, Alicia

doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2015.09.002

Cited by 30 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…Agreeing with previous studies (Endrighi et al, ; Puig‐Perez et al, ), optimism was not related with the cortisol response to stress, but was related to cardiovascular responses to stress (SBP and DBP) in people with T2D. In contrast with Solberg Nes et al (), we observed a relationship with SBP and DBP, but not with HR.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

“…This is a cross‐sectional study, and further longitudinal research is needed to understand how optimism is associated with cardiovascular and cortisol functioning in people with T2D over time. Finally, it is important to note that some studies investigate optimism and pessimism poles as distinct constructs (Herzberg, Glaesmer, & Hoyer, ; Lai et al, ; Puig‐Perez et al, ), whereas in the present study we assessed optimism as a continuous measure. As the optimism trait is based on historical experiences, it is possible that a third unmeasured variable accounted for the relationship.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…However, in older people, associations have not been consistently detected. Endrighi, Hamer, and Steptoe () failed to detect a relationship between optimism and cortisol responses to stress, while Puig‐Perez et al () found that older men and women with higher optimism had lower HR responses to acute psychosocial stress as well as a faster return to baseline levels posttask in cortisol and HR. It is possible that optimistic people demonstrate greater task engagement and this induces greater psychophysiological activation, resulting in heightened cardiovascular and endocrine responses (Solberg Nes et al, ).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optimism moderates psychophysiological responses to stress in older people with Type 2 diabetes

et al. 2016

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Optimism is thought to be beneficial for health, and these effects may be mediated through modifications in psychophysiological stress reactivity. Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is associated with reduced cardiovascular responses to stress and heightened cortisol over the day. This study assessed the relationships between optimism, stress responsivity, and daily cortisol output in people with T2D. A total of 140 participants with T2D were exposed to laboratory stress. Heart rate (HR), systolic (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and cortisol were measured throughout the session. Cortisol output over the day was also assessed. Optimism and self‐reported health were measured using the revised Life Orientation Test and the Short Form Health Survey. Optimism was associated with heightened SBP and DBP stress reactivity (ps < .047) and lower daily cortisol output (p = .04). Optimism was not related to HR, cortisol stress responses, or the cortisol awakening response (ps > .180). Low optimism was related to poorer self‐reported physical and mental health (ps < .01). Optimism could have a protective role in modulating stress‐related autonomic and neuroendocrine dysregulation in people with T2D.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optimism moderates psychophysiological responses to stress in older people with Type 2 diabetes

et al. 2016

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“…It has been reported that positive affectivity and optimism are associated with recovery of stress-induced increased cortisol (Lai JC et al 2005, Puig-Perez S et al 2015 and diastolic blood pressure (Bostock S et al 2011). Positive perspective in type E personality is different from optimism of personality type B.…”

Section: Type E Personalitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Resilient to Stress: Proposed a Novel Type E Personality

Lee¹,

Shim²,

Pyun³

2017

Korean J Str Res

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Stress responses vary with individual differences in sensitivity to stressful stimulus. Individuals with stress susceptible personalities are facing an increased risk for developing various stress-related diseases. Epigenetic mechanisms, gene variants and personality are the key factors associated with individual differences. Although many studies have reported stress susceptible personalities and stress resilient personality, its underlying neural and hormonal mechanism have not been investigated yet. In this study we propose a new type E personality which turns stressful stimulus into eustress by positive perspectives. Type E personality, characterized by optimistic perspective, gratitude, charity work, social support, altruistic, religious activities and affective communication is closely associated with enhancing stress resilience through modulating immune, neuronal and endocrine systems.

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“…Research has shown that higher optimism was associated with better physiological adjustment to a stressful situation, with optimism playing a more important role in the physiological component of the stress response [69]. Optimism is also related to indicators of better physical health [64].…”

Section: Background To the Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Mediating Roles of Resilience and Optimism between Work Demand and Psychological Distress among Pre-School Pupils’ Caregivers

Shoaga¹,

Oni²,

Mabekoje³

et al. 2017

IOSR JHSS

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Abstract:Psychological distress has become a serious issue with consequent negative outcomes on individuals and organisations. This study investigated the mediating roles of resilience and optimism between work demand and psychological distress among preschool pupils' caregivers in Ekiti State, Nigeria. A descriptive survey research design was adopted. A sample of 605 caregivers was chosen through stratified random sampling technique. Data were collected using: (i) Demographic Data Form, (ii) Kessler Psychological Distress Scale, (iii) Perceived Work Demand Scale, (iv) Connor-Davison Resilience Scale, and (v) Life Orientation Test Revised. Data were analyzed using Regression Analysis and Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient with result tested for significant at .05 level. Findings revealed, among other things, that there is a significant positive relationship between psychological distress and resilience (r = .263; p <.001), but not between psychological distress and optimism (r = .010; p >.05) and psychological distress and work demand (r = .071; p >.05). There was no significant direct effect of work demand on psychological distress of caregivers, independent of resilience and optimism (coeff = -.043; p >.05). Resilience mediated between work demand and psychological distress of preschool pupils' caregivers. However, neither optimism nor both resilience and optimism did not. The study concluded that resilience and optimism are not significant mediators between work demand and psychological distress of preschool pupils' caregivers. Based on the findings, it was recommended, among others that other factors that could cause a positive relationship between psychological distress and resilience should be identified, isolated, and controlled for further research.

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Optimism and pessimism are related to different components of the stress response in healthy older people

Cited by 30 publications

References 60 publications

Optimism moderates psychophysiological responses to stress in older people with Type 2 diabetes

Optimism moderates psychophysiological responses to stress in older people with Type 2 diabetes

Resilient to Stress: Proposed a Novel Type E Personality

Mediating Roles of Resilience and Optimism between Work Demand and Psychological Distress among Pre-School Pupils’ Caregivers

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