Optimising the interconnection of free-space to fibre quantum networks

Abstract

Optimising the interconnection between free-space and fibre links will be necessary for future quantum communication networks. In daylight free-space quantum communication based on direct detection, the required Field Of View (FoV) of the receiver system needs to be minimised to reduce solar background noise coupling into the detectors. Reducing the FoV requires minimising beam wander effects caused by atmospheric turbulence through active optics. We implement a fine tracking system designed to correct tip and tilt wavefront aberrations, using two feedback loops; each of them consisting of a quadrant detector and a fast steering mirror for stabilising the beam in the whole optical axis of the receiver. We test the performance of the tracking system with different optical fibres in order to evaluate the reduction in the quantum bit error rate (QBER) caused by solar background noise. A reduction of 75% for single mode fibre was obtained, and 45% reduction for a 25 µm core diameter fibre, both cases for strong turbulence (Cn2~10-12 – 10-13 m-2/3) and 100 m propagating channel. These results look promising for enabling free-space Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) in wireless networks for realistic/adverse conditions such as daylight and strong turbulent regimes.

Enabling QKD under Strong Turbulence for Wireless Networks with Tilt Wavefront Correction

“…The distortion of the phase wavefront, , can be expressed as the sum of simple distortions, which can be modelled by the modified Zernike polynomials [3]:…”

“…The spot focal wander �〈 2 〉 was measured at the focal plane of the receiver by the PSD to obtain the angle of arrival �〈 2 〉 before and after correcting tilt throughout a measurement of 9 hours. Tilt correction used two PIDs loops [3]. The data before correction was used to calculate the refractive index structure parameter 2 through equation ( 6).…”