Optimising breast support in female patients through correct bra fit. A cross-sectional study

McGhee, Deirdre E.; Steele, Julie R.

doi:10.1016/j.jsams.2010.03.003

Cited by 115 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The geometrical complexity of anatomical structure of women breasts makes designing bras with effective breast support, and creating accurate bra sizing very difficult. There is an abundant literature focusing on consumer satisfaction with current sports bras offerings [2][3][4][5]. Shoulder strap slippage, strap-cutting into the shoulder and band tightness around the chest area are the most important factors of bra discomfort [2].…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Shoulder strap slippage, strap-cutting into the shoulder and band tightness around the chest area are the most important factors of bra discomfort [2]. An investigation regarding the comfort of sport bras found that bras offered the most support were the most uncomfortable ones at the same time [5]. Some studies specifically evaluated the performance of sports bras during physical exercises [5][6][7], and developed mechanical and bio-mechanical models to examine breast displacement in motion [8][9][10].…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An investigation regarding the comfort of sport bras found that bras offered the most support were the most uncomfortable ones at the same time [5]. Some studies specifically evaluated the performance of sports bras during physical exercises [5][6][7], and developed mechanical and bio-mechanical models to examine breast displacement in motion [8][9][10]. Existing literature revealed that bras act as external support mechanisms for the breasts, however, the relationship between breast mass and the bra size is very complex and yet to be determined.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Towards Developing a Method for Identifying Static Compression Levels of Seamless Sports Bras using 3D Body Scanning

Gorea¹,

Baytar²

2016

Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on 3D Body Scanning Technologies, Lugano, Switzerland, 30 Nov.-1 Dec. 2016

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Sports bras are functional garments designed to minimize breast movements, while providing support, during physical activity. Understanding the factors influencing breast support is necessary for future development of better functioning sports bras to prevent wearers from soreness and pain. Compression was found to be the most effective factor in controlling the breast support. Moreover, respiratory state was reported to be significantly affecting bra size and comfort. Therefore, our pilot study explored how females' breast area measurements change when wearing seamless sports bras of different support levels. Two medium-size seamless sports bras with low and medium compression (i.e. breast support) levels were tested with and without removable pads. A [TC] 2 NX-16 three-dimensional (3D) body scanner was used to scan three females, with three different cup sizes, with and without wearing bras. Additionally, for each condition participants were scanned at fully inhaled and relaxed (neutral) positions. In order to identify compression rate changes among various conditions, twenty-one slice measurements taken at 0.25 inches intervals between under bust and armpit levels were collected and compared. The compression rates for each slice level were calculated by subtracting the slice circumference from the no bra circumference, and dividing the result by the no bra measurement. Our preliminary findings showed that the highest compression rates were achieved without pads, in both relaxed (5.06%) and inhale conditions (4.73%), at levels below bust height. Cumulative compression rates over all levels also showed higher compression rates for the bras without pads. Visual analyses revealed smoother contour lines and a more uniform distribution of compression all around the body for the medium support bra as compared to the low support bra for both with and without pads conditions.

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Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Towards Developing a Method for Identifying Static Compression Levels of Seamless Sports Bras using 3D Body Scanning

Gorea¹,

Baytar²

2016

Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on 3D Body Scanning Technologies, Lugano, Switzerland, 30 Nov.-1 Dec. 2016

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show abstract

“…Currently, sports bras are categorized into three groups: (a) encapsulation, (b) compression, and (c) combination of both. Bra straps cutting into or slipping off wearer shoulders, and perceived tightness of sports bra around the chest was found to be common deterrents for use of sports bras (McGhee & Steele, 2010). Moreover, the bra sizing system has shortcomings due to its limited reference measurements used, as well as to its inability to cover a broad range of unique anatomical breast shapes (Bowles et al, 2008).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Krenzer, Starr and Branson (2005) found that a sports bra should be constructed from primarily non-elastic materials that are non-allergenic, non-abrasive, and have good moisture management properties. McGhee and Steele (2010) proposed the inclusion of thick foam pads inside the bra cups to elevate and compress the breasts in an encapsulation sports bra, to reduce vertical breast displacement and exercise-induced bra discomfort. Evaluating compression using pressure sensors, motion capture cameras, and 3D body scanning technology generates high amounts of data.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Uplifted: Future Direction in Sports Bras Design

Gorea

Baytar

Sanders

2017

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Is your system fit for purpose? Female athlete health considerations for rugby injury and illness surveillance systems

Moore,

McCarthy‐Ryan,

Palmer

et al. 2024

European Journal of Sport Science

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This review discusses female‐specific health considerations in injury and illness surveillance and provides rugby‐specific recommendations for future surveillance. Identifying priority injury and illness problems by determining those problems with the highest rates within women's rugby may highlight different priorities than sex comparisons between men's and women's rugby. Whilst sports exposure is the primary risk for health problems in sports injury and illness surveillance, female athletes have health domains that should also be considered. Alongside female athlete health domains, studies investigating rugby injuries and illnesses highlight the need to broaden the health problem definition typically used in rugby injury and illness surveillance. Using a non‐time‐loss health problem definition, recording female‐specific population characteristics, embedding female athlete health domains and having up‐to‐date injury and illness coding systems should be prioritized within surveillance systems to begin to shed light on potential interactions between sports exposure, health domains and, injuries and illnesses. We call for a collaborative approach across women's rugby to facilitate large injury and illness datasets to be generated and enable granular level categorization and analysis, which may be necessary for certain female athlete health domains. Applying these recommendations will ensure injury and illness surveillance systems improve risk identification and better inform injury and illness prevention strategies in women's rugby.

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Optimising breast support in female patients through correct bra fit. A cross-sectional study

Cited by 115 publications

References 19 publications

Towards Developing a Method for Identifying Static Compression Levels of Seamless Sports Bras using 3D Body Scanning

Towards Developing a Method for Identifying Static Compression Levels of Seamless Sports Bras using 3D Body Scanning

Uplifted: Future Direction in Sports Bras Design

Is your system fit for purpose? Female athlete health considerations for rugby injury and illness surveillance systems

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