Optimisation of the synthesis of a water-soluble sulfur black dye

Wang, Mei; Yang, Jing; Wang, Hai-Tang

doi:10.1016/s0143-7208(01)00046-8

Cited by 19 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…In general, all the textile industries are handling a huge quantity of chemicals viz. It is estimated that about one half of the volume of dye used on cellulosic fibers is Sulphur dyes, in which about 80% is the sulphur black dye [3]. Sulphur black dyes has its applications in a number of industries and one of the most popular colorants used on cellulosic fibers and their blends [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Removal of sulphur black dye from its aqueous solution using alginate from Sargassum sp. (Brown algae) as a coagulant

Vijayaraghavan

Shanthakumar

2015

Env Prog and Sustain Energy

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This study deals with the coagulation potential of alginate extracted from marine algae Sargassum sp. for the removal of sulphur black dye from its aqueous solution. The alginate extraction was found to be efficient (44.8%) and the extracted alginate was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and Scanning electron microscopy techniques. Batch experiments (coagulation test) were performed to investigate the effect of alginate dose (10‐60 mg/L), calcium dose (1‐6 g/L) and initial dye concentration (50‐250 mg/L) on dye removal. The maximum dye removal (98.2%) was achieved under the optimal conditions of the initial dye concentration 200 mg/L, Calcium dose 6 g/L, and alginate dose 30 mg/L. The kinetics study for the coagulation process was carried out and found that it suitably fits in second‐order kinetics model. The literature on application of algal alginate for various wastewater treatment methods were compared with the present study and the results obtained revealed that the alginate from Sargassum sp. can be used as an efficient coagulant for the removal of sulphur black dye. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 34: 1427–1434, 2015

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Removal of sulphur black dye from its aqueous solution using alginate from Sargassum sp. (Brown algae) as a coagulant

Vijayaraghavan

Shanthakumar

2015

Env Prog and Sustain Energy

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“…It not only is easy to react with amino groups, i.e., the above nucleophilic substitution reaction, but also its hydrolysis can take place. In particular, the hydrolysis reaction of the Cl atom in CAA molecule will occur more rapidly at higher temperatures (27). As we did repeated blank experiments, in which the grafted particles PEI/SiO 2 were not added in the reaction system, it was found that below 60 • C, the hydrolysis rate of CAA was very slow, and the Cl − ion in the solution could barely be detected.…”

Section: Effect Of Temperaturementioning

confidence: 91%

Preparation of Iminoacetic Acid-type Composite Chelating Material IAA-PEI/SiO₂and Preliminary Studies on Chelating Adsorption Property towards Heavy Metal Ions

Gao

2011

Journal of Macromolecular Science, Part A

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Polyamine polyethyleneimine (PEI) was first grafted on the surfaces of micro-sized silica gel particles in the manner of the coupling graft (the manner of "grafting to"), forming the grafting particles PEI/SiO 2 . Subsequently, via a polymer reaction, the nucleophilic substitution reaction between the primary and secondary amino groups of the grafted PEI macromolecule and chloroactic acid (CAA), iminoacetic acid groups were bonded onto the grafted PEI chains, and an iminoacetic acid (IAA)-type composite chelating material, IAA-PEI/SiO 2 , was formed. In this work, the preparation process of IAA-PEI/SiO 2 particles was mainly researched, and the effects of the main factors on the polymer reaction, i.e., the nucleophilic substitution reaction, were examined emphatically. The adsorption behavior of IAA-PEI/SiO 2 particles towards several kinds of heavy metal ions was preliminarily evaluated. The experiments results show that it is feasible to introduce IAA groups onto PEI/SiO 2 particles via the substitution reaction between CAA and the amino groups of the grafted PEI. The reaction rate is affected greatly by the feed ratio of the amino group of PEI to CAA, so the substitution reaction between CAA and the amino groups of the grafted PEI is a bimolecular nucleophilic substitution reaction (S N 2). The reaction temperature and the used amount of acid-acceptor NaHCO 3 affect the bonding rate of IAA groups greatly. The fitting temperature was 60 • C, and 1:1 of the molar ratio of NaHCO 3 to CAA was an appropriate amount of acid-acceptor NaHCO 3 . Under the above optimal reaction conditions and with 3:1 molar ratio of amino group of PEI to CAA, 72% of the IAA group bonding rate (it is based on the hydrogen atoms in the primary and secondary amino groups of the grafted PEI) in 8 h can be reached. The composite chelating material IAA-PEI/SiO 2 possesses a strong chelating adsorption ability for heavy metal ions because of the increase of the ligands and formation of stable five-membered chelate rings.

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“…In 2001, Wang and co-workers supported the fact that sulfur dyes shared half of the volume of all dyes used on cellulosic fibers (49), of which approximately 80% were black sulfur dyes. Sulfur dyes still constitute the largest class of dyes in terms of quantity worldwide.…”

Section: Commercial Forms and Market Sizementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sulfur dyes could be chemically modified to add new functional moieties to the dye structure, eg, the carboxylic acid group (89). Leuco CI Sulfur Black 1 was reacted with chloroacetic acid to add carboxylic acid groups to the dye structure; the efficacy of these dyes on cotton substrates was reported to be considerably well under specified conditions (90,91).…”

Section: Health and Safetymentioning

confidence: 99%

Sulfur Dyes

Goswami

Basak

2014

Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology

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Sulfur dyes are synthetic organic substantive dyes, produced by thionation or sulfurization of organic intermediates containing nitro and amino groups. The main characteristic feature of this dye class is that they all contain sulfur linkages within their molecules. They are like vat dyes, which are highly colored, water‐insoluble compounds, and they need to be converted into substantive leuco form before application to the textile materials. This conversion needs reducing agents, which sever the sulfur linkage and break down the molecules into water‐soluble components (leuco form) that have an affinity toward cellulosic fibers.

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Optimisation of the synthesis of a water-soluble sulfur black dye

Cited by 19 publications

References 1 publication

Removal of sulphur black dye from its aqueous solution using alginate from Sargassum sp. (Brown algae) as a coagulant

Removal of sulphur black dye from its aqueous solution using alginate from Sargassum sp. (Brown algae) as a coagulant

Preparation of Iminoacetic Acid-type Composite Chelating Material IAA-PEI/SiO₂and Preliminary Studies on Chelating Adsorption Property towards Heavy Metal Ions

Sulfur Dyes

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Optimisation of the synthesis of a water-soluble sulfur black dye

Cited by 19 publications

References 1 publication

Removal of sulphur black dye from its aqueous solution using alginate from Sargassum sp. (Brown algae) as a coagulant

Removal of sulphur black dye from its aqueous solution using alginate from Sargassum sp. (Brown algae) as a coagulant

Preparation of Iminoacetic Acid-type Composite Chelating Material IAA-PEI/SiO2and Preliminary Studies on Chelating Adsorption Property towards Heavy Metal Ions

Sulfur Dyes

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Preparation of Iminoacetic Acid-type Composite Chelating Material IAA-PEI/SiO₂and Preliminary Studies on Chelating Adsorption Property towards Heavy Metal Ions