Optimisation of structure and operation of district cooling networks in urban regions

Söderman, Jarmo

doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2007.05.004

Cited by 75 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…A tree network offers less resistance when its total flow volume is distributed such that at each bifurcation the duct diameters change in steps of 2 1/3 and 2 3/7 , in laminar flow [26,27,33,34] and turbulent flow [28,35], respectively. If this multiple-diameter design is used, then the pumping power formula for the tree design with laminar flow is…”

Section: Tree Designs With Multiple Diametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Constructal design of distributed cooling on the landscape

Liang

Lorente

Bejan

2010

Int. J. Energy Res.

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SUMMARYHere we constructal design to determine the area size (or number of users N) to be allocated to a central refrigeration plant, and to configure the distribution network for the distributed cooling system. The main objective is to maximize the net cooling capacity delivered to every user, and to minimize the pumping power required for transporting the chilled water. Two types of distribution networks are investigated: radial and tree-shaped networks. First, when ducts with a single diameter are used, the net cooling capacity delivered to every user is almost the same, while the pumping power requirement for the tree network is greater than that for the radial network. Multi-diameter tree networks are investigated next. The pumping power requirement for multi-diameter tree-shaped network is less than for radial network when N is greater than 19 if the flow is laminar, and when N is greater than 80 if the flow is turbulent. The global performance of the area-based cooling system can be improved by increasing the freedom to morph the configuration.

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Section: Tree Designs With Multiple Diametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Constructal design of distributed cooling on the landscape

Liang

Lorente

Bejan

2010

Int. J. Energy Res.

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“…However, one issue with this system is with respect to the return temperatures of the grid, which are often below 10 • C, so the piping must be larger for the same effect transport. Consequently, this could make a district cooling network more expensive than a DH network for the same piping length [46].…”

Section: District Coolingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heat Roadmap Europe: Large-Scale Electric Heat Pumps in District Heating Systems

et al. 2017

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Abstract:The Heat Roadmap Europe (HRE) studies estimated a potential increase of the district heating (DH) share to 50% of the entire heat demand by 2050, with approximately 25-30% of it being supplied using large-scale electric heat pumps. This study builds on this potential and aims to document that such developments can begin now with technologies currently available. We present a database and the status of the technology and its ability of expansion to other European locations by reviewing experiences aimed at further research or application in the heating industry. This is based on a survey of the existing capacity of electric large-scale heat pumps with more than 1 MW thermal output, operating in European DH systems. The survey is the first database of its kind containing the technical characteristics of these heat pumps, and provides the basis for the analysis of this paper. By quantifying the heat sources, refrigerants, efficiency and types of operation of 149 units with 1580 MW of thermal output, the study further uses this data to analyze if the deployment of this technology on a large-scale is possible in other locations in Europe. It finally demonstrates that the technical level of the existing heat pumps is mature enough to make them suitable for replication in other locations in Europe.

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“…Södermann [14] presents a similar MILP model for designing district cooling systems in urban areas. It uses a linearized cost function for sizing equipment (plants, pipes, storages).…”

Section: District Coolingmentioning

confidence: 99%

District cooling network optimization with redundancy constraints in Singapore

Dorfner

Krystallas

Durst

et al. 2017

Future Cities and Environment

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This study presents a mathematical optimization model for planning topology and capacity of a district cooling network. The model relies on a mixed-integer linear programming formulation to find the most economic network layout while satisfying redundancy criteria against unavailability of cooling stations. The simplicity of the formulation makes it easy to embed in other models or to extend it to other redundancy cases. The model is applied to a case study in the central business district of Singapore. Results show that district cooling is a profitable option for Singapore, especially due to its constant high cooling demand that is currently satisfied mainly through decentralized cooling units. This result generalizes to tropical cities world-wide with high cooling demand density.

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Optimisation of structure and operation of district cooling networks in urban regions

Cited by 75 publications

References 6 publications

Constructal design of distributed cooling on the landscape

Constructal design of distributed cooling on the landscape

Heat Roadmap Europe: Large-Scale Electric Heat Pumps in District Heating Systems

District cooling network optimization with redundancy constraints in Singapore

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