Optimisation of photovoltaic and battery systems from the prosumer-oriented total cost of ownership perspective

Abstract

Background: In the context of the German energy transition, the number of domestic households covering part of their electricity consumption from their own photovoltaic system is constantly increasing. Some even use battery storage systems to store excess power for later use, which increases the degree of self-sufficiency and, according to the providers of such systems, should yield financial advantages for the so-called prosumer. Methods: We used the Prosumer-Oriented Total Cost of Ownership method to analyse the financial possibilities for prosumers under German market conditions, and thus determined the economically optimal solution for different domestic household sizes. In order to obtain realistic results, we applied real data covering the weather (relevant for the generation of electricity), consumption patterns, investment and operating costs, prices and revenues. If behavioural aspects are set aside and pre-requirements (e.g. sufficient roof space) are met, our model provides guidance for investors and policy-makers alike. Results and conclusions: Our research shows that it is financially advantageous for all household sizes to operate the largest photovoltaic system possible for them (up to 10 kW p ). By contrast, our results show that the investment in a battery storage system does not pay off even when government subsidies are taken into account. Regardless of the size of the selected battery storage system and all other influencing variables, the financial advantages of such a system do not materialise, although a battery storage system does substantially increase the self-sufficiency rate.

Sizing Electric Battery Storage System for Prosumer Villas

“…Is it however also demonstrated that the battery power cannot be too great compared to the battery energy constraint, otherwise the battery will be drained too quickly, and the peak demand for a period of high demand will not be reduced by combining grid and batty power. This can also be seen in [16], [17]. There are some minor variations from this trend.…”

Optimal Asset Planning for Prosumers Considering Energy Storage and Photovoltaic (PV) Units: A Stochastic Approach

“…Koskela et al is to research the effect of electricity pricing on the profitability of a PV system and BESS in residential buildings, including detached homes and apartment buildings [4]. Given a set of asset sizes, the optimization of PV system and BESS sizing for a household load is presented in [16]. While the investment of incorporating a BESS was not proven to be profitable for a household load, the work presented by K. Kappner et al [16] did not include an analysis of the profitability considering PV units and a BESS in a large entity capacity.…”

“…Given a set of asset sizes, the optimization of PV system and BESS sizing for a household load is presented in [16]. While the investment of incorporating a BESS was not proven to be profitable for a household load, the work presented by K. Kappner et al [16] did not include an analysis of the profitability considering PV units and a BESS in a large entity capacity. Z. Iqbal et al explore the potential reduction in electricity costs by implementing a smart home with an energy management system [17].…”

“…Energy stored in the BESS at every instance of time (ES t,s ) is a combination the energy stored from the previous time considering the self-discharge of the BESS, and the charging and discharging powers of the BESS. It is computed as shown in Equation (13) and is subject to the constraints defined in Equations (14)- (16), where E 0 is the initial energy stored in kWh and is defined by the linear optimization program. This variable may only take a positive value and is equivalent to the energy stored at the last hour of each season to maintain continuity when the energy stored is multiplied for all days in the season.…”

Energy landscapes of today and tomorrow

“…The topics included in this issue range from wind power to photovoltaic systems [1][2][3] and from biomass to bioliquids and biofuels for heat, electricity, and transport [4][5][6], (1A, 3A). They cover the entire innovation process, ranging from scientific research to innovative approaches for technology implementation and the politics of energy landscapes [5,7] edition comments on the societal debate on the benefits and risks of Germany's "Energiewende" and the conservation aspects of future energy landscapes [8,9].…”