Optimisation of grass pollen nasal allergen challenge for assessment of clinical and immunological outcomes

The nasal mucosal late allergic reaction to grass pollen involves type 2 inflammation (IL-5 and IL-13), the inflammasome (IL-1β), and complement

“…More recently the 76 nasosorption method has been refined by the use of synthetic materials, and since the approach 77 is non-invasive it has proved ideal for sampling from children with allergic rhinitis 12 and infants 78 13 . Serial nasosorption samples have been used after nasal allergen challenge (NAC) 14 , 79 including to assess the effects of a monoclonal antibody against anti-IL-13 15 in nasal mucosal specimens. We used non-invasive mucosal sampling, obtaining serial 89 nasosorption samples and nasal epithelial curettage sample at baseline and 8 hours after NAC.…”

Analysis of Short and Long Term Variability of Nasal Mucus versus Breath Condensate Inflammation Markers in Healthy Individuals

“…Nasal secretions can be collected without dilution, whereas the inflammation marker levels in EBC are 10 000 times lower than the concentrations in lung lining fluid [11,17,18]. The measured concentrations of nasal inflammation markers in the current study were of the same order or higher than those reported in other studies [1,13,14,23]. The concentrations of the nasal inflammation markers were approximately 1000 times higher than the concentrations in EBC.…”

“…This sampling method was well tolerated by all participants. However, placement of a foreign substance for a period of time may traumatize the mucosa and alter concentrations of analytes under investigation [13,14]. In our study we repeated the sampling every two hours during one day and we didn't observe any increase in analyte levels.…”

“…It can be collected via lavage techniques, but sponges of e.g. polyurethane foam are useful for undiluted sampling [12][13][14]. In the current study we used sponges of polyurethane foam to collect nasal mucus on the epithelial surface.…”

Biomarcadores Na Rinite Alérgica: Qual a Importância E Potencial Diagnóstico?

“…Um aumento de IL-4, IL-5 e IL-13 pode ser detectado no fluido nasal a partir de 3-4 h, com pico de 6-9 h, voltando a níveis basais em 24 h. Há uma correlação positiva muito forte entre citocinas, particularmente IL-13 e p<0,001), sendo que esta aparece em altas concentrações, com níveis maiores que 1000 pg/mL. Por outro lado, as concentrações de IL-4 e IL-9 são baixas (IL-4: 0-200 pg/mL e IL-9: 0-100 pg/mL) (SCADDING et al, 2012). Em adultos jovens com RA, a exposição ao pólen aumentou significantemente os níveis nasais de eosinófilos, interleucina-5, IL-6, IL-13 e proteína inflamatória de macrófago-1β, demonstrando que estes fatores podem ser usados como biomarcadores imunológicos para determinar eficácia de tratamentos antialérgicos (BADORREK et al, 2017).…”