Optimal Sizing of Renewable Sources and Energy Storage in Low-Carbon Microgrid Nodes

Strnad, Ivan; Prenc, Rene

doi:10.1007/s00202-017-0645-9

Cited by 24 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Sustainability 2019, 11, 683 2 of 26 different energy sources to produce a hybrid energy system (HES), which can solve reliability problems and provide an environmentally friendly solution [7][8][9]. Various power sources and storages, such as diesel generators, batteries, and supercapacitors, should be integrated into HESs to improve system stability and smooth out fluctuations [10,11].Sustainability 2018, 10, x FOR PEER REVIEW 2 of 29 problems and provide an environmentally friendly solution [7][8][9]. Various power sources and storages, such as diesel generators, batteries, and supercapacitors, should be integrated into HESs to improve system stability and smooth out fluctuations [10,11].…”

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Energy Management and Optimization of a PV/Diesel/Battery Hybrid Energy System Using a Combined Dispatch Strategy

et al. 2019

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In recent years, the concept of hybrid energy systems (HESs) is drawing more attention for electrification of isolated or energy-deficient areas. When optimally designed, HESs prove to be more reliable and economical than single energy source systems. This study examines the feasibility of a combined dispatch (CD) control strategy for a photovoltaic (PV)/diesel/battery HES by combining the load following (LF) strategy and cycle charging (CC) strategy. HOMER software is used as a tool for optimization analysis by investigating the techno-economic and environmental performance of the proposed system under the LF strategy, CC strategy, and combined dispatch CD strategy. The simulation results reveal that the CD strategy has a net present cost (NPC) and cost of energy (COE) values of $110,191 and $0.21/kWh, which are 20.6% and 4.8% lower than those of systems utilizing the LF and CC strategies, respectively. From an environmental point of view, the CD strategy also offers the best performance, with CO 2 emissions of 27,678 kg/year. Moreover, the results show that variations in critical parameters, such as battery minimum state of charge, time step, solar radiation, diesel price, and load growth, exert considerable effects on the performance of the proposed system. Sustainability 2019, 11, 683 2 of 26 different energy sources to produce a hybrid energy system (HES), which can solve reliability problems and provide an environmentally friendly solution [7][8][9]. Various power sources and storages, such as diesel generators, batteries, and supercapacitors, should be integrated into HESs to improve system stability and smooth out fluctuations [10,11].Sustainability 2018, 10, x FOR PEER REVIEW 2 of 29 problems and provide an environmentally friendly solution [7][8][9]. Various power sources and storages, such as diesel generators, batteries, and supercapacitors, should be integrated into HESs to improve system stability and smooth out fluctuations [10,11]. Figure 2. Commonly used approaches for energy management strategies [14]. Sustainability 2019, 11, 683 3 of 26Although the non-dispatchable RESs necessitate complex systems modeling, they are themselves simple to model without the need for control logic, in which the power is merely produced in direct response to the available renewable energy resources. On the other hand, the dispatchable components, such as the generator and battery, are more difficult to model because they must be controlled to achieve matching of demand and supply properly, and to compensate for the intermittency of the non-dispatchable RESs [16,17]. "Should a generator charge the battery or should excess solar production be responsible for charging the battery only and the generator used only to satisfy the load?" This question has led to some rules that manage the operation of generator and battery energy storage. The load following (LF) and cycle charging (CC) dispatch strategies are used to control generator operation and battery energy storage. Under the LF strategy, a generator produces only e...

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Energy Management and Optimization of a PV/Diesel/Battery Hybrid Energy System Using a Combined Dispatch Strategy

et al. 2019

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“…Ban et al [12] proposed optimal sizing and cyber-physical Energy Management system for nanogrids to reduce cost and increase reliability. Strnad et al [13], and Akram et al [14] suggested Mixed integer linear programming (MILP) to reduce cost for optimal sizing of DG unit and battery. Ayop et al [11] introduced an analytical method for sizing of photovoltaic for nanogrid with the objective of increased reliability and least loss of power supply.…”

Section: State-of-the-art Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In other words, it is a confined electricity supply system that can serve a limited geographical area either being isolated or connected to the main power grid via gateway [10]. The scientific community has presented various nanogrid structure-based optimization solutions in the form of analytical methods for sizing photovoltaic for nanogrid with the objective of increased reliability and least loss of power supply [11][12][13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid Renewable Energy Resources Management for Optimal Energy Operation in Nano-Grid

Qayyum¹,

Jamil²,

Ahmad³

et al. 2022

Computers, Materials &Amp; Continua

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Renewable energy resources are deemed a potential energy production source due to their cost efficiency and harmless reaction to the environment, unlike non-renewable energy resources. However, they often fail to meet energy requirements in unfavorable weather conditions. The concept of Hybrid renewable energy resources addresses this issue by integrating both renewable and non-renewable energy resources to meet the required energy load. In this paper, an intelligent cost optimization algorithm is proposed to maximize the use of renewable energy resources and minimum utilization of non-renewable energy resources to meet the energy requirement for a nanogrid infrastructure. An actual data set comprising information about the load and demand of utility grids is used to evaluate the performance of the proposed nanogrid energy management system. The objective function is formulated to manage the nanogrid operation and implemented using a variant of Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) named recurrent PSO (rPSO). Firstly, rPSO algorithm minimizes the installation cost for nanogrid. Thereafter, the proposed NEMS ensures cost efficiency for the post-installation period by providing a daily operational plan and optimizing renewable resources. State-of-the-art optimization models, including Genetic Algorithm (GA), bat and different Mathematical Programming Language (AMPL) solvers, are used to evaluate the model. The study's outcomes suggest that the proposed work significantly reduces the use of diesel generators and fosters the use of renewable energy resources and beneficiates the eco-friendly environment.

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“…In such situation, the frequency of the islanded MG is subject to changes that can lead to instability if not controlled in a timely and robust manner. To address this issue, utilization of the energy storage device has been presented in [6,21,22] to ensure initial power balance in islanded MG. Other effective way to safeguard the MG from instability is load-shedding schemes, which has been widely investigated in [23][24][25][26][27][28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Adaptive Load-Shedding and Restoration Strategy for Autonomous Operation of Microgrids: A Real-Time Study

Farzinfar

Nair

Bahadornejad

2020

IJE

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A B S T R A C TIslanding operation is one of the main features of a MicroGrid (MG), which is realized regarding the presence of distributed energy resources (DERs). However, in order to deal with the control challenges, which an MG faces during island operation, particularly when the transition is associated with certain excessive load, an efficient control strategy is required. This paper introduces a Central Management Agent (CMA) which maintains the stability of the MG, once it is islanded, by controlling an Energy Storage System (ESS) and a Central Synchronous Generator (CSG). Further, this paper proposes a new adaptive load-shedding/restoration schemes that calculates the amount of power imbalance based on frequency measurements combined with the mean value of the frequency gradient. The primacy of the proposed scheme over existing schemes, like instantaneous frequency gradient-based load shedding scheme, is its robustness against frequency oscillations. Moreover, the proposed method acts compatible with the control routine of DERs and the intermittent nature of the PV plant. As another salient feature of this paper, a Hardware In the Loop (HIL) testbed for real-time simulation is developed under which the proposed scheme and related communication with CMA along with other components are evaluated. The obtained results show that the control strategy can confidently conserve the stability of the MG in islanded mode and meet smooth reconnection to the grid-connected mode.

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Optimal Sizing of Renewable Sources and Energy Storage in Low-Carbon Microgrid Nodes

Cited by 24 publications

References 25 publications

Energy Management and Optimization of a PV/Diesel/Battery Hybrid Energy System Using a Combined Dispatch Strategy

Energy Management and Optimization of a PV/Diesel/Battery Hybrid Energy System Using a Combined Dispatch Strategy

Hybrid Renewable Energy Resources Management for Optimal Energy Operation in Nano-Grid

A New Adaptive Load-Shedding and Restoration Strategy for Autonomous Operation of Microgrids: A Real-Time Study

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