Energy Management and Optimization of a PV/Diesel/Battery Hybrid Energy System Using a Combined Dispatch Strategy

Abstract

In recent years, the concept of hybrid energy systems (HESs) is drawing more attention for electrification of isolated or energy-deficient areas. When optimally designed, HESs prove to be more reliable and economical than single energy source systems. This study examines the feasibility of a combined dispatch (CD) control strategy for a photovoltaic (PV)/diesel/battery HES by combining the load following (LF) strategy and cycle charging (CC) strategy. HOMER software is used as a tool for optimization analysis by investigating the techno-economic and environmental performance of the proposed system under the LF strategy, CC strategy, and combined dispatch CD strategy. The simulation results reveal that the CD strategy has a net present cost (NPC) and cost of energy (COE) values of $110,191 and $0.21/kWh, which are 20.6% and 4.8% lower than those of systems utilizing the LF and CC strategies, respectively. From an environmental point of view, the CD strategy also offers the best performance, with CO 2 emissions of 27,678 kg/year. Moreover, the results show that variations in critical parameters, such as battery minimum state of charge, time step, solar radiation, diesel price, and load growth, exert considerable effects on the performance of the proposed system. Sustainability 2019, 11, 683 2 of 26 different energy sources to produce a hybrid energy system (HES), which can solve reliability problems and provide an environmentally friendly solution [7][8][9]. Various power sources and storages, such as diesel generators, batteries, and supercapacitors, should be integrated into HESs to improve system stability and smooth out fluctuations [10,11].Sustainability 2018, 10, x FOR PEER REVIEW 2 of 29 problems and provide an environmentally friendly solution [7][8][9]. Various power sources and storages, such as diesel generators, batteries, and supercapacitors, should be integrated into HESs to improve system stability and smooth out fluctuations [10,11]. Figure 2. Commonly used approaches for energy management strategies [14]. Sustainability 2019, 11, 683 3 of 26Although the non-dispatchable RESs necessitate complex systems modeling, they are themselves simple to model without the need for control logic, in which the power is merely produced in direct response to the available renewable energy resources. On the other hand, the dispatchable components, such as the generator and battery, are more difficult to model because they must be controlled to achieve matching of demand and supply properly, and to compensate for the intermittency of the non-dispatchable RESs [16,17]. "Should a generator charge the battery or should excess solar production be responsible for charging the battery only and the generator used only to satisfy the load?" This question has led to some rules that manage the operation of generator and battery energy storage. The load following (LF) and cycle charging (CC) dispatch strategies are used to control generator operation and battery energy storage. Under the LF strategy, a generator produces only e...

Selection of a Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems for a Low-Income Household

“…Oyedepo et al [11] X X Yahya et al [20] X X X Chowdhury et al [21] X X X Zahboune et al [14] X X Fazelpour et al [15] X X X Yilmaz, and Dincer [16] X X X Al Garnia [12] X X Mandal et al [22] X X X Sen and Bhattacharyya [23] X X X Diemuodeke et al [18] X X X Rezzouk and Mellit [19] X X X Akinbulire et al [2] X X X X Farahi and Fazelpour [24] X X X Goudarzi et al [25] X X X Babatunde et al [3] X X X Diemuodeke et al [26] X X X X Ighravwe et al [27] X X X Akinyele et al [28] X X X X Adaramola et al [29] X X Ajayi et al [30] X X Ali et al [31] X X X Amadou et al [32] X X X Tae et al [33] X X Present study X X X X X X Based on literature search, many case studies concentrate on national [34], regional [35] and rural communities scale [2,11,12,16,18,20,22,23,26,28,36] with only a few research efforts directed at low-income households. Furthermore, the effect of energy efficient practices on the techno-economic and environmental features of HRES have not been comprehensively investigated (see Table 1).…”

Techno-Economic and Sensitivity Analyses for an Optimal Hybrid Power System Which Is Adaptable and Effective for Rural Electrification: A Case Study of Nigeria

“…where C ann,tot refers to the total annualized cost ($/year), n refers to the lifespan of the project (year), i denotes annual real interest rate (%), and CRF, which is a function of i and n, refers to the capital recovery factor as given in ref [50]:…”

Techno‐economic evaluation of renewable energy systems combining PV‐WT‐HKT sources: Effects of energy management under Ecuadorian conditions

“…HOMER Pro software has been used in most studies at present, since it has sensitivity analysis being possible to verify the evolution of certain parameters by determining the system optimization. [19][20][21][22] Among the variables used in the optimal HRES is the unmet load, 23 in some cases, the behavior of the system is also analyzed with different ESS technologies such as hydrogen, lithium ion, nickel cadmium and lead acid. 24,25 However, a real case that includes WT-HKT-PV-BAT-DG has not been analyzed, combining their elements in several systems and power controls.…”