“…Approaches relying on MPC are the most efficient to derive operation decisions at finer time scales (Galelli et al, 2014;Pianosi & Soncini-Sessa, 2009); while a priori approaches or rule inference provide stable conditional operating rules that better suit water systems with multiple competing users and complex decision-making processes (Labadie, 2004;Lund et al, 2017;Oliveira & Loucks, 1997). Methodological approaches to combine real-time (short-term) and long-term operation goals have been developed in the literature including: (a) prescribing final state boundary conditions and constraints to MPC (e.g., Becker & Yeh, 1974;Sreekanth et al, 2012); (b) using cost or benefit functions associated to the terminal system state of MPC, defined either by empirical experimentation or by optimization models working at larger time scales (e.g., Côté & Leconte, 2015;Faber & Stedinger, 2001;Ficchì et al, 2015;Kelman et al, 1990); and (c) employing variable time steps (e.g., Raso & Malaterre, 2017).…”