“…The implementation of meta-heuristic algorithms to solve the OPF problem incorporating renewable energy is more popular, such as Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) (Ahgajan et al, 2021), Equilibrium Optimizer Algorithm (EOA) (Nusair et al, 2021), Jaya Algorithm (JAYA), and its variants, including Modified Jaya Algorithm (MJY) and the hybrid of Firefly and Jaya algorithm (Warid et al, 2016;Elattar, et al, 2019;and Alghamdi 2021), Multi-objective Coronavirus Herd Immunity Algorithm (MOCOHIA) (Ali 2021), Non-dominated sort grey wolf optimizer (NDGWO), Modified Rao algorithm (MRAO) (Hassan et al, 2021), Effective cuckoo search algorithm (ECSA) (Pham et al, 2022), Barnacle mating optimizer (BMO) (Sulaiman et al, 2021), Manta ray foraging optimization (MRFO) (Alasali et al, 2021), Differential evolution (DE) (Duman et al, 2020), Enhanced genetic algorithm (GA) (Reddy, 2016), Flower pollination algorithm (FPA) (Abdullah et al, 2019), White shark algorithm (WSA) (Ali et al, 2022) and Crow search algorithm (CRSA) (Bamane 2019), Modified Equilibrium algorithm (MEA) (Duong et al, 2021), and Modified coyote optimization algorithm (Li et al, 2019) (MCOA). These algorithms were applied for three four cases with the placement of only WTs (Ahgajan et al, 2021, (Warid et al, 2016, Elattar, et al, 2019, the placement of only solar photovoltaic arrays (Pham et al, 2022;Duong et al, 2021), both WTs and solar photovoltaic arrays (Nusair et al, 2021;Alghamdi 2021-Hassan et al, 2021Sulaiman et al, 2021-Bamane 2019. Some studies have fixed the location, but optimized size of renewable energy based distributed generators at given nodes, whereas some studies have optimized both location and size.…”