Optimal Operational Scheduling of Renewable Energy Sources Using Teaching–Learning Based Optimization Algorithm by Virtual Power Plant

Abstract

In recent years, a large number of renewable energy sources (RESs) have been added into modern distribution systems because of their clean and renewable property. Nevertheless, the high penetration of RESs and intermittent nature of some resources such as wind power and photovoltaic (PV) cause the variable generation and uncertainty of power system. In this condition, one idea to solve problems due to the variable output of these resources is to aggregate them together. A collection of distributed generations (DGs) such as wind turbine (WT), PV panel, fuel cell (FC), and any other sources of power, energy storage systems, and controllable loads that are aggregated together and are managed by an energy management system (EMS) are called a virtual power plant (VPP). The objective of the VPP in this paper is to minimize the total operating cost for a 24-h period. To solve the problem, a metaheuristic optimization algorithm, teaching–learning based optimization (TLBO), is proposed to determine optimal management of RESs, storage battery, and load control in a real case study.

Optimization of a Renewable Energy Source-Based Virtual Power Plant for Electrical Energy Management in an Unbalanced Distribution Network

“…A VPP also reduces the pollution in the environment through the use of the green energy of renewable energy sources [11]. A VPP is microgrid island [12], and an energy storage system is a key part of the VPP [13]. From the given definitions, a VPP is an integration of various renewable energy sources with a controllable energy storage system and load.…”

“…PDER = PWind + PSolar (12) PWind = ∑ 24 h=1 PWind (h) (13) PSolar = ∑ 24 h=1 PSolar (h) (14) In the LSO, Equation ( 11) regarding the power demand in the load is compared with Equation ( 15) regarding the power availability of the DER at every hour. Distribution In the LSO, Equation (11) regarding the power demand in the load is compared with Equation (15) regarding the power availability of the DER at every hour.…”

“…Distribution In the LSO, Equation (11) regarding the power demand in the load is compared with Equation (15) regarding the power availability of the DER at every hour. Distribution Energy resource power is considered as the summation of solar and wind power in Equation (12).Power generating from wind and solar for 24 h are modeled in Equations ( 13) and ( 14) respectively. P Demand = = P DER (15) If the condition of Equation ( 16) was satisfied, the desired the outcome is that the DER generated more power compare to the load demand.…”

Cost–benefit comparison of fuel cell–based and battery‐based renewable energy systems

“…Renewable energy sources 5‐8 offer a feasible approach for addressing these issues and producing enough energy to fulfill the global energy demand. Renewable energy has the ability to supply all of the world's energy needs and is plentiful in nature 9,10 . Rural and distant areas in developing nations must be electrified, and this requires accurate estimation and usage of renewable energy on a local level 11 …”

Multi-Objective Virtual Power Plant Construction Model Based on Decision Area Division

“…The upper layer uses the VPP operating revenue as the maximum objective function, and the lower layer uses the minimum system payload and operating cost as objective functions. In Reference [15], using the minimum operating cost of 24-h VPP as the objective function, the teaching-learning based optimization (TLBO) heuristic algorithm is proposed to solve the model. In Reference [16], after considering the electric boiler in the VPP operation mode of the integrated thermoelectric system, a multi-objective model is established, including the carbon emission cost, the total operating cost of VPP, and the transaction electricity between the VPP and the main transaction power.…”