Optimization of a Renewable Energy Source-Based Virtual Power Plant for Electrical Energy Management in an Unbalanced Distribution Network

Abstract

The virtual power plant (VPP) is a developing concept in the modern engineering field. This paper presents a local search optimization (LSO) algorithm-based virtual power plant for energy management in a distribution network. The proposed LSO algorithm is used for the optimal selection and location of the distributed energy resources (DER), the optimal regulation of load, and the optimal usage of energy storage systems in a VPP. DERs are a renewable energy sources (RES) that consist of solar PV and a wind energy source. DERs face the challenge of energy losses, voltage variations, and revenue losses in the utilization network. These problems are solved by the proposed VPP concept by reducing the acquiring of energy from the power sector. An LSO-based virtual power plant is modeled in MATLB PSCAD and verified using the IEEE-9 bus system. The results show that 81% of the purchased energy from the utility grid was reduced by the optimal placement of the DER and 86% of acquired energy from utility grid was reduced by the optimal location of the DER and optimal load control in the VPP.

Opening of Ancillary Service Markets to Distributed Energy Resources: A Review

“…The aggregator concept sometimes coincides in the literature with the approach known as Virtual Power Plant (VPP). Indeed, grouping different types of resources allows for intelligently managing demand and power generation [5,6], for example, compensating for possible deviations and improving power quality [7]. Finally, the generators and loads in a BSP portfolio have better access both to energy markets, where given amounts of energy are traded between consumers and producers, usually the day ahead, and to ancillary service markets, where grid services are offered by regulating units [8], even close to the real time, thus introducing new economic opportunities for active prosumers [9,10].…”

“…The flexibility gathered on users is then so aggregator concept sometimes coincides in the literature with the ap tual Power Plant (VPP). Indeed, grouping different types of resou gently managing demand and power generation [5,6], for example, sible deviations and improving power quality [7]. Finally, the gen BSP portfolio have better access both to energy markets, where giv are traded between consumers and producers, usually the day ah service markets, where grid services are offered by regulating unit real time, thus introducing new economic opportunities for active selection of DER resources to include in the VPP is a particularly cha the BSP must take advantage of the peculiarities of each specific tec sate for the relevant lacks.…”

Virtual Power Plant with Renewable Energy Sources and Energy Storage Systems for Sustainable Power Grid-Formation, Control Techniques and Demand Response

“…This aggregation provides a flexible and dynamic resource that can respond to real-time grid conditions, allowing for better system stability and reliability. Using VPPs to reduce losses in the distribution network, a local search algorithm for optimizing VPPs is proposed in [89], which is used for energy management in the distribution network, including the optimal selection and positioning of DERs. By strategically placing DERs, utility companies can reduce power losses during electricity transmission and distribution.…”

Dynamical Behaviors in a Stage-Structured Model with a Birth Pulse

“…Many scholars have extensively discussed the optimal management of renewable resources, which is directly related to sustainable development [1][2][3][4]. The phenomenon of instantaneous population change in the development and utilization of biological resources is very common.…”