Optimal multi-site selection for a PV-based lunar settlement based on a novel method to estimate sun illumination profiles

Armenta, José Maurilio Raya; Bazmohammadi, Najmeh; Saha, Diptish; Vásquez, Juan C.; Guerrero, Josep M.

doi:10.1016/j.asr.2022.12.048

Cited by 9 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…( 1). The Sun illumination time series profile considering the Sun, Earth, and Moon as a three-body system is used to determine the available power profile at the candidate lunar base following the technique proposed in [26].…”

Section: Isru Optimal Power Demandmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Power and Energy Management System of a Lunar Microgrid—Part I: Modeling Power Demand of ISRU

Saha,

Bazmohammadi,

Lashab

et al. 2024

IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst.

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Autonomous power control (APC) and energy management system (EMS) for space microgrids (MGs) on the Moon require well-designed operating references to ensure their safe operation considering the long-term goals of the mission. Oxygen and water, as two vital elements for human survival on the Moon, can be produced from the lunar regolith using the In-Situ Resource Utilization (ISRU) and water treatment subsystems. Since ISRU is one of the highest power-demanding units in a lunar base, this paper proposes a methodology for modeling the power demand profile for ISRU, considering oxygen and water management systems, which was not addressed in the literature. The paper presents the power consumption model of the ISRU, considering the Sun's illumination profile at a candidate site near the Shackleton crater at the lunar south pole. Furthermore, a methodology is proposed to create oxygen and water consumption and wastewater generation profiles in the crew habitat. The paper proposes models and algorithms to maintain the oxygen level and pressure in the crew habitat, transfer oxygen from ISRU to the associated oxygen tank, filter wastewater in the wastewater subsystem, transfer water produced from ISRU and freshwater from the wastewater subsystem to the associated water tank, considering oxygen and water consumption, and wastewater generation profiles of the crew habitat. Finally, an optimization framework is proposed to determine the power demand profile of ISRU by maintaining the oxygen in ISRU, the crew habitat, and water tanks at desired levels. It is observed that the ISRU power demand profile depends on the desired levels of oxygen and water in their associated tanks and their consumption/production rates. In addition, the interaction of different Manuscript

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Section: Isru Optimal Power Demandmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Step 1: Generate illumination time series profile using [26] Step 2: Generate oxygen, water consumption, and wastewater generation profile using Table I The complete optimization is carried out according to Algorithm 5. The algorithm takes all the required parameters as input and continues till the optimum results are found.…”

Section: Isru Optimal Power Demandmentioning

confidence: 99%

Power and Energy Management System of a Lunar Microgrid—Part I: Modeling Power Demand of ISRU

Saha,

Bazmohammadi,

Lashab

et al. 2024

IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst.

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“…The base camp consists of a habitation unit, and a mining and processing facility. Hence, the lunar base camp requires a reliable, resilient, robust, optimal and stabile electrical system infrastructure [80]. This implies setting up local power generation and distribution infrastructure as well as ESSs and energy management strategies.…”

Section: Lunar Habitats and Manned Base Campsmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Horizons for Microgrids: From Rural Electrification to Space Applications

2023

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The microgrid concept has evolved from the humble origins of simple remote electrification applications in rural environments to complex architectures. Microgrids are key enablers to the integration of higher penetrations of renewables in the energy sector (including electricity, heating, cooling, transport and industry). In addition to the local energy sources, energy storage systems and loads, the modern microgrid encompasses sophisticated energy and power management systems, peer-to-peer energy markets and digital technologies to support this energy transition. The microgrid concept has recently been applied to all energy sectors, in order to develop solutions that address pressing issues related to climate change and the decarbonization of these important sectors. This paper initially reviews novel applications in which the microgrid concept is being applied, from a detailed analysis of recent literature. This consists of a comprehensive analysis of the state of the art in shipboard microgrids, port microgrids, aircraft microgrids, airport microgrids and space microgrids. Future research directions are then presented, based on the authors’ perspectives on pushing the boundaries of microgrids further.

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“…Considering a hierarchical control structure for the APC, the system-level controller is responsible for scheduling and energy management of the MG to satisfy the power balance and long-term goals of the space mission. In the proposed optimization framework, the optimal mass of the PV system and the battery, the stored energy level and charging/discharging profile of the battery, and the total excess PV power are determined using the Sun illumination time-series profile [25] at the candidate location. Several technical constraints related to the battery system and the power balance in the MG are also taken into account.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Power and Energy Management System of a Lunar Microgrid—Part II: Optimal Sizing and Operation of ISRU

Saha,

Bazmohammadi,

Lashab

et al. 2024

IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst.

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Energy management systems (EMS) and autonomous power control (APC) for space microgrids (MGs) on the Moon need properly designed operating points and references to ensure the mission's safety. The oxygen and water requirements of the lunar base are supplied by the In-Situ Resource Utilization (ISRU) from the lunar regolith. ISRU is one of the most powerdemanding subsystems in the lunar base. This paper proposes an optimization methodology for sizing and optimal operation management of a photovoltaic (PV)-battery-based space microgrid (MG). By solving the optimization problem, the optimal size of the PV array and battery, as well as the PV power generation and battery charging/discharging profiles are determined. First, the ISRU power demand profile is presented considering the oxygen and water management systems of the lunar base. Then, the optimization algorithm is employed to minimize the PV and battery mass and the total unused PV power generation while maintaining the desired level of energy in the battery considering system constraints. It is observed that curtailing the excess PV power generation plays a crucial role in minimizing the battery size and mass, thereby reducing the cost of the space mission.

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Optimal multi-site selection for a PV-based lunar settlement based on a novel method to estimate sun illumination profiles

Cited by 9 publications

References 17 publications

Power and Energy Management System of a Lunar Microgrid—Part I: Modeling Power Demand of ISRU

Power and Energy Management System of a Lunar Microgrid—Part I: Modeling Power Demand of ISRU

New Horizons for Microgrids: From Rural Electrification to Space Applications

Power and Energy Management System of a Lunar Microgrid—Part II: Optimal Sizing and Operation of ISRU

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