Optimal management of orthodontic pain

Topolski, Francielle; Moro, Alexandre; Correr, Gisele Maria; Schimim, Sasha Cristina

doi:10.2147/jpr.s127945

Cited by 21 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…It is well recognized that orthodontic pain is the most discouraging aspect of orthodontic treatment and may affect patients’ quality of life . Orthodontic pain, by nature, is an inflammatory pain that manifests as tooth soreness and mechanical hyperalgesia.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Effect of endomorphin‐2 on orofacial pain induced by orthodontic tooth movement in rats

Liu

Jiang

et al. 2019

European J Oral Sciences

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Endomorphin‐2 demonstrates potent antinociceptive effects in various pain models. The objectives of the present study were to explore the role of endomorphin‐2 in the modulation of orofacial pain induced by orthodontic tooth movement in rats. An orthodontic pain model was established in male Sprague‐Dawley rats by ligating coiled springs to mimic orthodontic force (40 g). On days 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, and 14 following orthodontic tooth movement, bite force was recorded as a surrogate measure of orthodontic pain. Ipsilateral trigeminal ganglia, trigeminal nucleus caudalis, and periodontal tissues were harvested for immunostaining. Endomorphin‐2, endomorphin‐2 + naloxone (a non‐selective opioid receptor antagonist), naloxone, and saline were injected into trigeminal ganglia and periodontal tissues to explore the role of endomorphin‐2 on orthodontic pain. The results showed that following orthodontic tooth movement, endomorphin‐2 expression levels in trigeminal ganglia were elevated on days 1, 3, 5, and 7. Orthodontic pain levels were increased on days 1, 3, and 5. The administration of endomorphin‐2 into both trigeminal ganglia and periodontal tissues alleviated orthodontic pain. Moreover, the effects of endomorphin‐2 could be blocked by naloxone completely in trigeminal ganglia but only partially in periodontal tissues. Therefore, endomorphin‐2 plays an important role in the modulation of orthodontic pain both centrally and peripherally, probably through different pathways.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Effect of endomorphin‐2 on orofacial pain induced by orthodontic tooth movement in rats

Liu

Jiang

et al. 2019

European J Oral Sciences

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“…Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) is one of the newer approaches proposed to control pain [19]. Lasers have been used in the medical and dental areas as an alternative to control pain [20][21][22]. They hold promise in controlling orthodontic pain because lasers do not have the side effect of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-level laser therapy (830 nm) on orthodontic pain: blinded randomized clinical trial

Martins

Caldas

et al. 2018

Lasers Med Sci

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The objective of this research was to compare the effect single low-level laser therapy (LLLT) irradiation on pain perception in patients having fixed appliance treatment in the clinic of orthodontics. Sixty-two patients were recruited to participate in this randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study. The patients were assigned to four groups: group I-laser on the right side; group II-placebo on the right side; group III-laser on the left side; group IV-placebo on the left. The laser or placebo was applied before separation, 24 and 48 h after separation of their first permanent molars in the lower arch. Just after the separation, the average of the pain for the placebo group was 1.6, significantly greater than the average of 1.1 registered for the laser group (p = 0.013). After 24 h and before the new irradiation, the values registered among the different groups did not show any differences. In relation to the gender, only after the first irradiation in placebo group, the female had a level of pain (0.1) significantly higher (p = 0.04) compared to male, and after 48 h, the group where the laser was applied had a difference (p = 0.04) among the gender with a value of lower pain for men (0.6) than for women (1.6).The laser irradiation to minimize the pain was only effective when applied immediately after treatment and separation. In general way, there were no differences between the genders, except after the first placebo group irradiation in which the female had a significantly higher level of pain compared to male and after 48 h. The pain cycle observed in this study had its peak in 24 h, both for laser's and placebo's group.

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“…[30] As literature review suggests, the main methods of orthodontic pain management are drug administration and the application of low-level laser therapy. [313233343536] A study conducted by Boleta-Ceranto et al . [37] stated that acupuncture is a safe and effective method in reducing orthodontic post-adjustment pain.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of the perception of pain during fixed orthodontic treatment with metal and ceramic brackets

Sahoo

2019

J Pharm Bioall Sci

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Introduction: Pain is experienced by patients during various fixed orthodontic procedures such as placement of separators, insertion of arch wire and its activations, orthopedic appliances such as headgear, and debonding of the appliance. This study was formulated with the background that the level of pain sensation differs between conventional metal and ceramic brackets, arch wire being the same. Materials and Methods: The sample comprised 40 patients. The patients were separated into two groups: Group A (metal brackets) and Group B (ceramic brackets). In Group A, the brackets were bonded with 0.022” conventional stainless steel brackets (Unitek Gemini, 3M, Monrovia, California). In Group B, the brackets were bonded with ceramic brackets (Unitek Gemini Clear Brackets, 3M, Monrovia, California). The bonding of the brackets was carried out according to the conventional etching, priming, and curing technique. A 0.016” NiTi (nickel titanium) arch wire was used as the first arch wire. The intensity of pain was documented in a figure containing two 100-mm visual analog scales (VASs). Results: The level of pain reduced in intensity in due course. During 1 month, VAS scores increased at the end of day 1 (24 h) for the metal and ceramic group. The pain then decreased for up to 5 days. The average pain intensity reached 4.44 in the ceramic group, whereas it was 2.7 in the metal group for the upper anterior region. It decreased up to 1 in the ceramic and 0.22 in the metal group. Conclusion: Patients bonded with ceramic brackets experienced a higher and more severe pain of longer duration than individuals treated with conventional brackets.

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Optimal management of orthodontic pain

Cited by 21 publications

References 55 publications

Effect of endomorphin‐2 on orofacial pain induced by orthodontic tooth movement in rats

Effect of endomorphin‐2 on orofacial pain induced by orthodontic tooth movement in rats

Low-level laser therapy (830 nm) on orthodontic pain: blinded randomized clinical trial

Comparison of the perception of pain during fixed orthodontic treatment with metal and ceramic brackets

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