“…Many advantages have been pointed out through the wide applications of GT. For instance, changeover between different parts are simplified, thereby reducing the costs or time involved; parts spend less time waiting, which results in less work-in-process inventory; parts tend to move through production in a direct route, and hence the manufacturing lead time is reduced (see, e.g., Ham et al, 1985;Webster and Baker, 1995;Allahverdi et al, 2008;Shabtay et al, 2010;Li et al, 2011, etc).…”