Optimal distribution of load-frequency control signal to hydro power plants

Vrdoljak, Krešimir; Perić, Nedjeljko; Sepac, Dino

doi:10.1109/isie.2010.5637553

Cited by 13 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Besides, only large disturbances cause considerable system's deviation from sliding mode, but the return to the vicinity of the surface is very fast, as it can be seen from It can be seen from the figure that HPP 1 takes over the largest share in change of generation, since it has the largest participation factor. Static participation factors are used here for simplicity and their dynamic calculation and optimization is addressed in [51]. A comparison between PI controller and the proposed controller is not addressed here, since in [35] and [37] it has already been shown that the proposed controller outperforms classical PI controller.…”

Section: Simulation Results On Nonlinear Power System Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applying Optimal Sliding Mode Based Load-Frequency Control in Power Systems with Controllable Hydro Power Plants

Vrdoljak¹,

Perić

Petrović

2010

Automatika

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In this paper an optimal load-frequency controller for a nonlinear power system is proposed. The mathematical model of the power system consists of one area with several power plants, a few concentrated loads and a transmission network, along with simplified models of the neighbouring areas. Firstly, a substitute linear model is derived, with its parameters being identified from the responses of the nonlinear model. That model is used for load-frequency control (LFC) algorithm synthesis, which is based on discrete-time sliding mode control. Due to a non-minimum phase behaviour of hydro power plants, full-state feedback sliding mode controller must be used. Therefore, an estimation method based on fast output sampling is proposed for estimating the unmeasured system states and disturbances. Finally, the controller parameters are optimized using a genetic algorithm. Simulation results show that the proposed control algorithm with the proposed estimation technique can be used for LFC in a nonlinear power system. Key words: Fast output sampling, Genetic algorithm, Identification, Load-frequency control, Power system model, Sliding mode control Primjena optimalnog kliznog režima upravljanja u sekundarnoj regulaciji frekvencije i djelatne snage razmjene regulacijskim hidroelektranama. U radu se predlaže optimalna regulacija frekvencije i djelatne snage razmjene za nelinearni elektroenergetski sustav. Unutar matematičkog modela sustava jedno se regulacijsko područje sastoji od nekoliko elektrana, manjeg broja koncentriranih trošila i prijenosne mreže. Ostala su regulacijska područja u modelu modelirana pojednostavljeno, nadomjesnim linearnim modelom sustavačiji su parametri dobiveni identifikacijom iz odziva nelinearnog sustava. Taj je linearni model zatim primijenjen u sintezi algoritma sekundarne regulacije koji je zasnovan na kliznom režimu upravljanja. Zbog neminimalno-faznog vladanja hidroelektrana primijenjena je struktura regulatora zasnovana na svim varijablama stanja sustava. Estimacija nemjerljivih stanja i poremećaja zasnovana je na metodi brzog uzorkovanja izlaznih signala sustava. Optimizacija parametara regulatora provedena je korištenjem genetičkog algoritma. Simulacijski rezultati pokazuju kako je predloženi upravljački algoritam, uz predloženu metodu estimacije, moguće koristiti za sekundarnu regulaciju frekvencije i djelatne snage razmjene u nelinearnom elektroenergetskom sustavu.Ključne riječi: brzo uzorkovanje izlaznog signala, genetički algoritam, identifikacija, sekundarna regulacija frekvencije i djelatne snage razmjene, model elektroenergetskog sustava, klizni režim upravljanja

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Section: Simulation Results On Nonlinear Power System Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applying Optimal Sliding Mode Based Load-Frequency Control in Power Systems with Controllable Hydro Power Plants

Vrdoljak¹,

Perić

Petrović

2010

Automatika

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“…The proposed method in [154] controls frequency deviation due to load variation by related area control center in which no interaction between frequency and tie-line power is considered. In order to regulate the frequency and tie-line power flow using communication links, decentralized proportional-integral control [162], dual mode proportional-integral (PI) controller [157] and PI control for hydropower system [158] have been proposed. The coordinated system-based technique for correcting the time error and unintentional interchange is presented for AGC in [187,188].…”

Section: Classical Control Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges and Opportunities of Load Frequency Control in Conventional, Modern and Future Smart Power Systems: A Comprehensive Review

et al. 2018

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Power systems are the most complex systems that have been created by men in history. To operate such systems in a stable mode, several control loops are needed. Voltage frequency plays a vital role in power systems which need to be properly controlled. To this end, primary and secondary frequency control loops are used to control the frequency of the voltage in power systems. Secondary frequency control, which is called Load Frequency Control (LFC), is responsible for maintaining the frequency in a desirable level after a disturbance. Likewise, the power exchanges between different control areas are controlled by LFC approaches. In recent decades, many control approaches have been suggested for LFC in power systems. This paper presents a comprehensive literature survey on the topic of LFC. In this survey, the used LFC models for diverse configurations of power systems are firstly investigated and classified for both conventional and future smart power systems. Furthermore, the proposed control strategies for LFC are studied and categorized into different control groups. The paper concludes with highlighting the research gaps and presenting some new research directions in the field of LFC.Energies 2018, 11, 2497 2 of 35 before triggering the under/over frequency protection relays. The primary frequency control is usually implemented by the governor droop which results in steady stated errors. The secondary frequency control, which is called load frequency control (LFC) or automatic generation control (AGC), is responsible for regulating the frequency in power systems and has two main goals: (i) maintaining the frequency into a desirable range; and (ii) controlling the interchange power through major tie-lines between the different control areas. The main task of tertiary control level is re-dispatching generating units and ancillary reserve after a sever disturbance.With increasing the penetration level of renewable resources such as wind farms and photovoltaic plants in power systems, the uncertainties of active power production is highly increased, thus determining frequency variations. Such increase in active power fluctuation, beside the demand stochasticity, the frequency of power system would be highly oscillated. Therefore, future power systems need more robust and optimal LFC approaches that can handle such problems.Many control approaches have been suggested for LFC in interconnected power systems. These approaches can be categorized into four groups: (i) classical control approaches focus on designing proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controllers for controlling the frequency and tie-lines power flows; (ii) modern control approaches including optimal control method, sliding mode control schemes, and adaptive control systems; (iii) intelligent control schemes, such as fuzzy control systems; and (iv) soft computing-based approaches for controllers' parameter tuning which had a considerable attention from researchers in the last decade. Survey MethodologySeveral methodologies can be followed for conduc...

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“…[2]. Numerous LFC methods, such as proportional-integral (PI) LFC, have been developed to maintain tie-line power and system frequency at default parameters under both normal and disrupted conditions [3], dual-mode PI control [4] integral derivative (ID) [5] for LFC issues are also presented. The PID and optimal PID controllers are employed for LFC issues are presented in [6] and [7], respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal Design of Fraction-Order Proportional-Derivative Proportional-Integral Controller for LFC of Thermal-Thermal-Wind Turbines Considering Nonlinearities

Barakat

Salama

Donkol

et al. 2021

Journal of Advanced Engineering Trends

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The power system must be kept safe during load disturbances in order to control frequency instability during load disturbances change. Cascade Controller (CC) is employed to boost the performance of the power system mainly in the presence of nonlinear aspects. As a result, in this study, A proposed cascade fractional order proportional-derivative proportional integral (FOPDPI) controller is used to fine-tune the load frequency control (LFC) subjects of a three-area power system (thermal-thermal-wind) in the interconnected power system (IPS). As a third area in the studied model, renewable energy is used, such as high penetrating power wind turbines. The FOPDPI controller gains are adjusted using a recently published optimization scheme, such as the Harris hawk optimizer (HHO). To thoroughly test the efficiency and fitness of the proposed controller, the HHO-based FOPDPI and conventional PID controllers are applied to a threearea model with/without nonlinearities such as generation rate constraint (GRC), governor dead band (GDB), and boiler dynamics (BD) under different step load perturbation (SLP). The HHO algorithm's cost function is the Integral time multiply absolute error (ITAE) criterion. The investigation reveals that the proposed scheme HHO: FOPDPI provides greater stability than HHO: PID in both linearities by 58% and nonlinearity aspects by 62%.

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Optimal distribution of load-frequency control signal to hydro power plants

Cited by 13 publications

References 13 publications

Applying Optimal Sliding Mode Based Load-Frequency Control in Power Systems with Controllable Hydro Power Plants

Applying Optimal Sliding Mode Based Load-Frequency Control in Power Systems with Controllable Hydro Power Plants

Challenges and Opportunities of Load Frequency Control in Conventional, Modern and Future Smart Power Systems: A Comprehensive Review

Optimal Design of Fraction-Order Proportional-Derivative Proportional-Integral Controller for LFC of Thermal-Thermal-Wind Turbines Considering Nonlinearities

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