Optimal design of multi-layer structure composite containing inorganic hydrated salt phase change materials and cement: Lab-scale tests for buildings

Liu, Lijie; Li, Jinhong; Deng, Yong; Yang, Zhiwei; Huang, Kaiyue; Zhao, Siyi

doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.122125

Cited by 20 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…e design of the TSV router adopts the forward routing strategy to further reduce the pipeline segment, and after the TSV router adopts the design of the double crossbar switch, the master crossbar switch and the slave crossbar switch can transmit data packets at the same time, so SA and ST can be in the same segment of the pipeline [21]. Moreover, the data packets passing through the main crossbar switch do not need to be written to the buffer BW.…”

Section: Tsv Router Pipeline Segmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Fault-Tolerant Structure for Nano-Power Communication Based on the Multidimensional Crossbar Switch Network

Luo

Liao

2022

International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems

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In order to realize fault tolerance and further reduce the transmission delay, a fault-tolerant structure design method for nano-power communication based on a multidimensional crossbar switch network is proposed. The TSV router is designed as a double crossbar structure, namely the master crossbar (MasterCrossbar) and the slave crossbar (SlaveCrossbar). Each input port of the TSV router is divided into two subports. The port connected to the master crossbar has no input buffer, and the port connected to the slave crossbar has an input buffer. Master crossbar is the first choice for data transmission, and slave crossbar is selected when it is busy to reduce the transmission delay of data packets and reduce power consumption. Dual crossbar switches can also realize the fault tolerance of crossbar switches. The experimental results show that the author's fault-tolerant scheme, without incorporating the double crossbar switch, still has a much smaller transmission delay than the reference because the author realizes fault tolerance for defective TSVs by adding bidirectional TSVs to replace faulty TSVs. Therefore, when there is a TSV failure, the reference transmission delay increases with the number of failures, but the author's design allows packets to be transmitted in the network without being affected; the author's bidirectional TSV fault-tolerant design is combined with the double crossbar design. After that, the transmission delay is smaller than the original, and the maximum transmission delay is about 40% faster than the reference. The authors' design is superior and improves the reliability of the 3DNoC system.

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Section: Tsv Router Pipeline Segmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Fault-Tolerant Structure for Nano-Power Communication Based on the Multidimensional Crossbar Switch Network

Luo

Liao

2022

International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems

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“…To minimize the degradation of the thermal regulation performance of PCMs composites, Liu et al [69] proposed the multi-layer sandwich structure of Na 2 SO 4 .10H 2 O, expanded vermiculite and magnesium oxychloride cement (MOC) with a melting temperature in the range of 20-40 • C. Compared with the MOC house-like model and ambient condition, the multi-layer sandwich PCM composite exhibited better results with time shift of 93 min and 84 min for heating and cooling, respectively.…”

Section: At the Composite Scalementioning

confidence: 99%

Review on the Integration of Phase Change Materials in Building Envelopes for Passive Latent Heat Storage

et al. 2021

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Latent heat thermal energy storage systems incorporate phase change materials (PCMs) as storage materials. The high energy density of PCMs, their ability to store at nearly constant temperature, and the diversity of available materials make latent heat storage systems particularly competitive technologies for reducing energy consumption in buildings. This work reviews recent experimental and numerical studies on the integration of PCMs in building envelopes for passive energy storage. The results of the different studies show that the use of PCMs can reduce the peak temperature and smooth the thermal load. The integration of PCMs can be done on the entire building envelope (walls, roofs, windows). Despite many advances, some aspects remain to be studied, notably the long-term stability of buildings incorporating PCMs, the issues of moisture and mass transfer, and the consideration of the actual use of the building. Based on this review, we have identified possible contributions to improve the efficiency of passive systems incorporating PCMs. Thus, fatty acids and their eutectic mixtures, combined with natural insulators, such as vegetable fibers, were chosen to make shape-stabilized PCMs composites. These composites can be integrated in buildings as a passive thermal energy storage material.

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“…As opposed to organic PCMs (e.g., paraffins, carbon-based fatty acids, and alcohols), salt hydrate PCMs have the advantages of high latent heat capacities, high volumetric energy densities, low cost, nonflammability, and reasonable thermal conductivities . Owing to their technological and economical sustainability, salt hydrate PCMs such as sodium sulfate decahydrate and sodium acetate trihydrate have been extensively explored in active TES-integrated equipment − (such as HVAC systems) and TES systems for passive thermoregulation of buildings. − However, the extensive use of salt hydrates is currently limited due to significant undercooling (where latent heat is not released at the melting point of the PCM), phase separation of components (which renders salt hydrates unstable to extended cyclability), and corrosiveness toward metals . Undercooling in salt hydrates has been suppressed by adding different nucleating agents. − On the other hand, phase separation has been mitigated by the addition of thickeners such as carboxymethyl cellulose or polymers (e.g., polyvinyl alcohol). − …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Printing Composites with Salt Hydrate Phase Change Materials for Thermal Energy Storage

Lak

Hsieh

Al-Mahbobi

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Eng. Mater.

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Salt hydrate phase change materials are important in advancing thermal energy storage technologies for the development of renewable energies. At present, their widespread use is limited by undesired undercooling and phase separation, as well as their tendency to corrode container materials. Herein, we report a direct ink writing (DIW) additive manufacturing technique to print noncorrosive salt hydrate composites with thoroughly integrated nucleating agents and thermally conductive additives. First, salt hydrate particles are prepared from nonaqueous Pickering emulsions and then employed as rheological modifiers to formulate thixotropic inks with polymer dispersions in toluene serving as the matrix. These inks are successfully printed at room temperature and cured by solvent evaporation under ambient conditions. The resulting printed and cured composites, containing up to 70 wt % of the salt hydrate, exhibit reliable thermal cyclability for 10 cycles and suppressed undercooling compared to the bulk salt hydrate. Remarkably, the composites consistently maintain their structural integrity and thermal performance throughout the entirety of both the melting and solidification processes. We demonstrate the versatility of this approach by utilizing two salt hydrates, magnesium nitrate hexahydrate (MNH, T m = 89 °C) and zinc nitrate hexahydrate (ZNH, T m = 36 °C), to achieve desired thermal characteristics across a wide range of temperatures. Further, we establish that the incorporation of carbon black in these inks enhances the thermal conductivity by at least 33%. This approach consolidates the strengths of additive manufacturing and salt hydrate phase change materials to harness customizable thermal properties, well suited for targeted thermal energy management applications.

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Optimal design of multi-layer structure composite containing inorganic hydrated salt phase change materials and cement: Lab-scale tests for buildings

Cited by 20 publications

References 31 publications

A Fault-Tolerant Structure for Nano-Power Communication Based on the Multidimensional Crossbar Switch Network

A Fault-Tolerant Structure for Nano-Power Communication Based on the Multidimensional Crossbar Switch Network

Review on the Integration of Phase Change Materials in Building Envelopes for Passive Latent Heat Storage

Printing Composites with Salt Hydrate Phase Change Materials for Thermal Energy Storage

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