Optimal Design of Inherently Safer Domestic Combined Heat and Power Systems

Abstract

The residential co-generation system is a promising strategy to satisfy the electricity and hot water demands in residential complexes. This is an attractive option from both economic and environmental points of view; however, the associated risk has not been accounted for. It is very important to consider the risk associated with residential co-generation systems because the involved units use volatile fuels such as natural gas or liquefied petroleum gas. Therefore, this paper presents an optimization approach for designing residential co-generation systems through a multi-objective optimization formulation that simultaneously accounts for minimizing the total annual cost and the environmental impact as well as the associated risk to satisfy the electricity and hot water demands in a residential complex. The proposed model incorporates the optimal selection for the technologies used as well as the operation. A case study for a residential complex in Mexico is presented to show the applicability of the proposed approach, where it was shown to be possible to obtain attractive solutions from economic, environmental, and safety points of view.

Perspectives for Implementing Distributed Generation in Developing Countries through Modeling Techniques

“…The ones associated with urban planning are linked to the allocation and sizing of the system for reducing the negative impacts, economic or environmental, of the system. 92,96,119 The qualitative risk assessment (QRA) has been used anticipating accidents associated with the fuel storage and operation of CHP technologies near residential areas. 119,132 The energy demand is normally considered as a technical issue in modeling approaches, ignoring that the energy behavior is a consequence of demographic, cultural, and economic factors.…”

“…92,96,119 The qualitative risk assessment (QRA) has been used anticipating accidents associated with the fuel storage and operation of CHP technologies near residential areas. 119,132 The energy demand is normally considered as a technical issue in modeling approaches, ignoring that the energy behavior is a consequence of demographic, cultural, and economic factors. 133 Under this perspective, modeling approaches consider the energy demands linked to demographic phenomena 84 and user behavior.…”

“…121 On the other hand, the nonlinear approach is used for considering the detailed behavior of the equipment for evaluating the performance and effects of different operative policies. 24,28,29,40,50,51,53,56,57,60,62,80,84,100,119,140,163 It leads to the solution method for nonlinear models. The use of heuristic tools, 24,50,53,60,62,81,82,140,143 despite the polemic around these methodologies, 165−167 is the predominant trend for solving nonlinear problems over the analytical approaches.…”

Process equipment common attributes for inherently safer process design at preliminary design stage

“…The optimization methods are more flexible because of their capability to tackle conflicting objectives, which can be solved through a multi-objective optimization (MOO) scheme. This type of methods include the integration of quantitative risk assessment (QRA) for safety analysis in the optimization approach focusing on economics, safety and environment (Fuentes-Cortés et al, 2016), an optimization technique for analyzing design alternates (Ruiz-Femenia et al, 2017) and a multidimensional optimization method to concentrate on safety, environment, economics, and…”

Involving Environmental Assessment in the Optimal Design of Domestic Cogeneration Systems

“…Ren et al (2008) reviewed two typical micro CHP alternatives with two different operating modes including minimum-cost operation and minimum-emission operation. Jiang-Jiang et al (2010) analyzed the technical, environmental, and economic performances of CHP systems following the thermal and electricity demand management in different climate zones in China, and Fuentes-Cortes et al (2015a) presented different models to determine the size and operating scheme for residential CHP systems, where the annual cost and greenhouse gas emissions are minimized, where the multi-generation system accounts for building complexes (Fuentes-Cortes et al 2016a) and the associated risk in the residential cogeneration system (Fuentes-Cortes et al 2016b).…”