Perspectives for Implementing Distributed Generation in Developing Countries through Modeling Techniques

Abstract

This paper addresses the status, problems, and development of distributed energy resources in developing countries. We have focused on the projects in Latin America, Asia, eastern Europe, and North Africa. The problems for developing new energy technologies are linked to particular conditions, such as regulated markets, energy policies, urban planning and development, low-income communities, environmental impact, and economic instability. We are presenting a perspective based on the literature review of the different proposals for solving the particular problems associated with the implementation of energy projects under the modeling perspective, highlighting the residential environment and domestic applications. Five different fields used on modeling approaches are included in the review: technologic development, economic performance, environmental impact, social context, and modeling proposals. We have identified the addressed problems, the applied modeling techniques, the trends shown by the results presented, and the expectations for future works in the field of distributed energy generation.

Water–Energy Off-Grid Systems Design Using a Dominant Stakeholder Approach

“…Implementing distributed off-grid systems has become an important strategy for increasing the levels of energy access due to geographic conditions or costs associated with expanding the electric utility grid. The core of distributed energy projects in isolated and remote communities is the use of technologies based on renewable resources . A common problem addressed in the literature is the relationship between the management of energy surplus and storage in off-grid renewable systems .…”

“…The core of distributed energy projects in isolated and remote communities is the use of technologies based on renewable resources. 3 A common problem addressed in the literature is the relationship between the management of energy surplus and storage in off-grid renewable systems. 4 A correct management strategy allows ensuring the quality of energy supply and reducing the gaps between generation and consumption.…”

Analysis of Carbon Policies in the Optimal Integration of Power Plants Involving Chemical Looping Combustion with Algal Cultivation Systems

“…Therefore, it is important to analyze the effect of certain economic instruments such as the carbon tax and bonus. In this regard, previous studies have addressed different approaches including the trade-off between economic and environmental objectives in the monetization of the carbon externalities, , as well as the impact of carbon policies to promote the generation of clean energy , and comparative scenarios with penalties or compensations to monetize the externalities related to CO 2 emissions in combined heat and power systems. , Furthermore, a multi-objective approach for the minimization of emissions at a global scale through changes in the economic sectors has been developed by Pascual-González et al Recently, Galán-Martín et al proposed another alternative based on the study of the effect of interregional cooperation in meeting the emissions targets with cost-effective solutions.…”

Involving the Water–Energy–Food Nexus in Integrating Low-Income and Isolated Communities

“…20 Also, there have been reported several studies related to the use of renewable energies implemented in isolated communities to generate electric energy. 21 Furthermore, other works have focused on distributed generation 22 to produce electricity in remote places by isolated systems because the generation units are close to the consumers and the transmission energy losses are negligible; 23 examples of this type of generation are polygeneration systems, which can be defined as the simultaneous production of two or more energy utilities and products, seeking to take advantage of the maximum potential of the consumed resources. Recently, polygeneration systems have been introduced to achieve systems that are increasingly efficient and sustainable.…”