Abstract:This paper presents the design procedure for a new multi-cycle resonance-based voltage boosting rectifier (MCRR) capable of delivering a desired amount of power to the load (PDL) at a designated high voltage (HV) through a loosely-coupled inductive link. This is achieved by shorting the receiver (Rx) LC-tank for several cycles to harvest and accumulate the wireless energy in the RX inductor before boosting the voltage by breaking the loop and transferring the energy to the load in a quarter cycle. By optimizin… Show more
“…This is a major challenge but not a major concern, because the operating frequency in bacterial sensing systems is in Hz range. Thus, in an adaptive heavily duty-cycled architecture, it is possible to build an extremely efficient charging mechanism to harvest the low incoming electromagnetic energy from the wireless power link, store it in high charge density, yet very small off-chip capacitorsboosting the voltage level [27], [28] -and use it over a short period of time when the bio-nanosensors are activated, the AFE conditions/pre-processes the acquired signals, the ADC samples and digitizes them, and the back telemetry link send the resulting data to the wireless/wearable hub outside the host body.…”
The Internet of Bio-NanoThings (IoBNT) concept envisions the connection between biological cells and the Internet. The ultimate goal of IoBNT is to catalyze a revolution in biomedical technologies through advances in molecular communication, integrated systems, bio-nanosensors and synthetic biology to improve human health and quality of life. In this paper, an application of IoBNT called PANACEA (a solution or remedy for all difficulties or diseases in Latin) is presented as a solution for an end-to-end design towards realizing the IoBNT for the first time in the literature. The architecture of PANACEA is tailored to focus on diagnosis and therapy of infectious diseases. In PANACEA, to detect the communication within the cells of the body to deduce infection level, a submilimeter implantable bio-electronic device, a Bio-NanoThing, is proposed. BNT can transmit the detected infection data remotely to a wearable hub/gateway outside of the body. The hub can use mobile devices and the backbone network such as Internet or cellular systems to reach the healthcare providers who can remotely control the BNTs. Hence, PANACEA provides a system, where sensing, actuation and computing processes are tightly coupled to provide a reliable and responsive disease detection and infection recovery system. Incorporating molecular communication and conventional networks brings many challenges that are attacked in various fronts such as circuit and biosensor design, communications engineering, with novel solutions presented in this paper, accompanied with simulation results.
“…This is a major challenge but not a major concern, because the operating frequency in bacterial sensing systems is in Hz range. Thus, in an adaptive heavily duty-cycled architecture, it is possible to build an extremely efficient charging mechanism to harvest the low incoming electromagnetic energy from the wireless power link, store it in high charge density, yet very small off-chip capacitorsboosting the voltage level [27], [28] -and use it over a short period of time when the bio-nanosensors are activated, the AFE conditions/pre-processes the acquired signals, the ADC samples and digitizes them, and the back telemetry link send the resulting data to the wireless/wearable hub outside the host body.…”
The Internet of Bio-NanoThings (IoBNT) concept envisions the connection between biological cells and the Internet. The ultimate goal of IoBNT is to catalyze a revolution in biomedical technologies through advances in molecular communication, integrated systems, bio-nanosensors and synthetic biology to improve human health and quality of life. In this paper, an application of IoBNT called PANACEA (a solution or remedy for all difficulties or diseases in Latin) is presented as a solution for an end-to-end design towards realizing the IoBNT for the first time in the literature. The architecture of PANACEA is tailored to focus on diagnosis and therapy of infectious diseases. In PANACEA, to detect the communication within the cells of the body to deduce infection level, a submilimeter implantable bio-electronic device, a Bio-NanoThing, is proposed. BNT can transmit the detected infection data remotely to a wearable hub/gateway outside of the body. The hub can use mobile devices and the backbone network such as Internet or cellular systems to reach the healthcare providers who can remotely control the BNTs. Hence, PANACEA provides a system, where sensing, actuation and computing processes are tightly coupled to provide a reliable and responsive disease detection and infection recovery system. Incorporating molecular communication and conventional networks brings many challenges that are attacked in various fronts such as circuit and biosensor design, communications engineering, with novel solutions presented in this paper, accompanied with simulation results.
“…As shown in Fig. 2, a full-wave NMOS gate-crossed bridge rectifier is designed to generate the raw power supply REC0 for its higher driving capability than half-wave rectifier [12]. Schottky diodes are not used in the design due to cost and compatibility with standard CMOS process.…”
Radio frequency identification (RFID) is widely used in various areas such as logistics, supplychain management, and access control. The new challenge for designing an RFID tag is how to embed a low-cost and low-power consumption algorithm into a compact RFID tag chip. This paper presents a passive HF-band tag chip supporting ISO/IEC 14443 type A/B protocol with low-cost and low-power consumption. In the Analog Front End, a bridge rectifier with 73.76% power conversion efficiency is presented to accomplish RF-dc conversion. A robust demodulator with both 10% and 100% ASK demodulation capabilities and a subcarrier-based modulator are designed to complete the data transfer process. Moreover, a burreliminating power ON/OFF reset circuit is proposed to provide a reset signal for the system. In the digital baseband controller, a linear feedback shift register-based lightweight authentication protocol is presented to ensure data security while reducing resource overhead. The embedded 8-Kb EEPROM contains eight independent keys for eight different application fields. The tag chip is fabricated in HJ025 2P4M CMOS process with an area of 1.1mm × 1.18mm and total static power consumption of 116.45µW. The low cost and low-power consumption ensure the tag chip, especially suitable for smart cards. INDEX TERMS RFID tag chip, AFE, authentication protocol, LFSR, lightweight .
“…However, they are limited in utility at higher frequencies in the radio waves spectrum owing to large circuit dimensions [20], [40], fabrication complexity [57], and the bulkiness of the system [48]. Planarizing the coils mitigates such challenges to some extent but, still, these do not fulfill the needs of applications requiring miniaturization and simpler design with very high efficiency in lieu of the reduced power transmission range [58]- [60].…”
The defected ground structure (DGS) technique enables miniaturization of the resonator which leads to the development of the compact near-field wireless power transfer (WPT) systems. In general, numerous challenges are inherent in the design of the DGS-based WPT systems and, hence, appropriate trade-offs for achieving optimal performance are required. Furthermore, the design advancements have led to the development of the DGS-based multi-band WPT systems to fulfill the needs of simultaneous data and power transfer. The innovations in the DGS-based WPT systems have also resulted in the definition of more commonly used figures-of-merit for the benchmarking of various performance metrics. The literature is replete with the design schemes to address one or more associated design challenges and successful WPT system realizations with enhanced performance. With this in mind, this paper touches upon the DGS-based WPTs developments and presents a concise report on the current state-of-the-art and future directions.INDEX TERMS Coupling, defected ground structure (DGS), multi-band, resonator, Q factor, single-band, wireless power transfer (WPT).
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