Optimal Coordination of Dual Setting Directional Over Current Relays in Microgrid With Different Standard Relay Characteristics

Tiwari, Raghvendra; Singh, Ravindra Kumar; Choudhary, Niraj Kumar

doi:10.1109/piicon49524.2020.9112883

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…In Ref. [24] a genetic algorithm-based coordination optimization is proposed for a system with distributed generation using directional OC relays. The pickup, TDS, and three types of TOC curves are considered.…”

Section: General Methods For Inverse Time-overcurrent Relay Coordinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Per-Phase and 3-Phase Optimal Coordination of Directional Overcurrent Relays Using Genetic Algorithm

et al. 2021

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Penetration of the power grid by renewable energy sources, distributed storage, and distributed generators is becoming increasingly common. Increased utilization of these distributed energy resources (DERs) has given rise to additional protection coordination concerns, particularly where they are utilized in an unbalanced manner or where loading among phases is unbalanced. Digital relays such as the SEL-751 (produced by Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories, Pullman, WA, USA) series have the capability of being set on a per-phase basis. This capability is underutilized in common practice. Additionally, in optimization algorithms for determining relay settings, the time-overcurrent characteristics (TOCs) of relays are generally not treated as variables and are assigned before running the optimization algorithm. In this paper, TOC options themselves are treated as discrete variables to be considered in the optimization algorithm. A mixed integer nonlinear programming problem (MINLP) is set up where the goal is to minimize relay operating times. A genetic algorithm (GA) approach is implemented in MATLAB where two cases are considered. In the first case, the TOC and Time dial setting (TDS) of each relay is set on a three-phase basis. In the second case, per-phase settings are considered. Relay TDSs and TOCs are both considered as simultaneous discrete control variables. Despite the stochastic nature of using per-phase settings for unbalanced systems is found to generally allow for shorter operating times. However, for relatively balanced systems, it is best to use three-phase settings if computation time is of importance.

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Section: General Methods For Inverse Time-overcurrent Relay Coordinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Per-Phase and 3-Phase Optimal Coordination of Directional Overcurrent Relays Using Genetic Algorithm

et al. 2021

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“…The search for new protection functions was advanced through the design of new characteristics for the time curve of overcurrent relays. In [29], an optimal coordination method was proposed based on a dual adjustment using different time curves. A nonconventional curve was presented that took into consideration the limited variation in the coefficients of the time curve [30,31].…”

Section: A Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Overcurrent Relay Coordination Method Through Time Intervals to Enhance Microgrid Protection

Gonzalez

Enrı́quez

2021

IEEE Access

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This paper presents a method to protect microgrids (MGs) through coordination of directional overcurrent relays (DOCRs). The new formulation is subjected to restrictions of pre-established time intervals to guarantee the primary and backup functions of each relay. This coordination criterion has advantages over the conventional coordination because functional independence between the relays is achieved. It is only necessary to update the setting in the relays affected by contingencies, topological changes, or during the formation of islands. The use of non-conventional curves is considered to give the flexibility necessary to meet the time intervals at each required location. Based on the results, the proposed coordination method reduces the operation time of the relays compared with that under the conventional coordination method in the power systems studied. Further simplification in the relay adjustment process under the different contingencies studied was obtained, which improved under the various operating conditions in the test systems.

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“…The linearization of the operating time function is a recurrent method to improve the resolution process performance [9] - [12], despite simplifying the optimal coordination problem. Besides, some research works consider different time-current curves (TCC), expanding the possible solutions for the optimal coordination problem [12] - [15]. Table 1 summarizes the main features in both specialized literature and the proposed methodology (PM).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal Coordination of Protection Devices in Distribution Networks With Distributed Energy Resources and Microgrids

Reiz

Leite

2022

IEEE Access

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Microgrids are promising to enhance power distribution systems' efficiency, quality, sustainability, and reliability. However, microgrids operation can impose several challenges to traditional protection schemes, like changes in the power flow direction and an increase in short-circuit currents. Microgrids can include several distributed generation technologies with different behaviours during shortcircuit conditions, requiring additional protection schemes and devices. In this way, the optimized coordination of reclosers and fuses in distribution networks with directional overcurrent relays, which operate as interconnection devices, might overcome many imposed protection challenges. Regarding to different generation technologies, voltage-restrained overcurrent relays and frequency relays are presented as local microgrid protection for rotative and inverter-based distributed generators, respectively. The optimized coordination of these protection devices maximizes microgrid benefits and minimizes operation drawbacks by reducing interruptions impacts and energy not supplied to consumers. This work proposes, thus, a mathematical model for the optimal coordination of protection devices in distribution networks with distributed energy resources operating in grid-connected and islanded modes. The minimization technique of operating times using an elitist genetic algorithm with variable crossover and mutation processes is proposed, as well. The results show adequate coordination using passive and low-cost protection devices.

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Optimal Coordination of Dual Setting Directional Over Current Relays in Microgrid With Different Standard Relay Characteristics

Cited by 10 publications

References 16 publications

Per-Phase and 3-Phase Optimal Coordination of Directional Overcurrent Relays Using Genetic Algorithm

Per-Phase and 3-Phase Optimal Coordination of Directional Overcurrent Relays Using Genetic Algorithm

New Overcurrent Relay Coordination Method Through Time Intervals to Enhance Microgrid Protection

Optimal Coordination of Protection Devices in Distribution Networks With Distributed Energy Resources and Microgrids

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