Optimal Control Strategy of Plasmodium vivax Malaria Transmission in Korea

Abstract

ObjectiveTo investigate the optimal control strategy for Plasmodium vivax malaria transmission in Korea.MethodsA Plasmodium vivax malaria transmission model with optimal control terms using a deterministic system of differential equations is presented, and analyzed mathematically and numerically.ResultsIf the cost of reducing the reproduction rate of the mosquito population is more than that of prevention measures to minimize mosquito-human contacts, the control of mosquito-human contacts needs to be taken for a longer time, comparing the other situations. More knowledge about the actual effectiveness and costs of control intervention measures would give more realistic control strategies.ConclusionMathematical model and numerical simulations suggest that the use of mosquito-reduction strategies is more effective than personal protection in some cases but not always.

Optimal bed net use for a dengue disease model with mosquito seasonal pattern

“…However, when combined with insecticide spraying, the reduction of prevalence is immediate and the prevalence approaches zero before 150 days. This agrees with many results previously obtained for malaria,() which confirm that using bed nets alone could be less effective than other control measures (eg, treatment of infectious individuals or mosquito‐reduction strategies) and could not eliminate the disease();…”

“…However, when combined with insecticide spraying, the reduction of prevalence is immediate and the prevalence approaches zero before 150 days. This agrees with many results previously obtained for malaria,() which confirm that using bed nets alone could be less effective than other control measures (eg, treatment of infectious individuals or mosquito‐reduction strategies) and could not eliminate the disease(); in presence of oscillations in vector birth rate, when the amplitude of seasonal force is low or moderate, the insecticide spraying results to be very efficacy in reducing prevalence, both used alone or in combination with bed nets. However, the control effects appear in any case to be negligible in regions where there is a clear distinction between the wetter and drier months.…”

“…This approach is rather conventional in the optimal control of epidemic models. In particular, it has been used for vector‐borne disease models where control functions represent optimal prevention efforts() as well as treatment and/or vaccination policies() or their combination. ()…”

“…For example, a number of trials and observational studies show that no additional protection results from the combination of nets and indoor residual spraying versus net use alone, even if these negative findings do not constitute proof of no effect, but may indicate that, when present, the effect is small . Conversely, several other trials and mathematical studies show that bed net implementation alone is not the most advisable control measure() and could not even eliminate the disease, especially in highly endemic regions. () This is due to several factors, including improper handling and natural decline in efficacy over time, and also the interplay between ITNs and mosquito demography and feeding preferences .…”

Optimal Control Analysis of an Age-Structured Malaria Model Incorporating Children under Five Years and Pregnant Women

“…Optimal control strategy for Plasmodium vivax malaria transmission in Korea was investigated using a deterministic system of differential equations. This work suggested that if the cost of reducing the reproduction rate of the mosquito population is more than that of prevention measures to minimize mosquito-human contacts, the control of mosquito-human contacts needs to be taken for a longer period of time, comparing the other situations [14]. Magombedze et al [15] studied optimal control of malaria chemotherapy in which an intra-host mathematical model of malaria that describes the interaction of the immune system with the blood stage malaria merozoites was done.…”