Optimal Control for Speed Governing System of On-Grid Adjustable-Speed Pumped Storage Unit Aimed at Transient Performance Improvement

Pan, Wenxia; Zhu, Zhu; Liu, Tongchui; Liu, Mingyang; Tian, Wei

doi:10.1109/access.2021.3063434

Cited by 13 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…The control scheme should bring all crucial variables like voltage and frequency to their normal rated ones as they were in the pre-contingency situations. Now taking a step for rotor angular transient stability for the multi-machine system, we consider the system represented by (10) and (11). Now under steady-state, i.e.…”

Section: Problem Formulation and Solution Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The frequency regulation in distributed generation is presented in [10] by optimizing the control variable with particle swarm and gravity search algorithm. In [11], AGC performance is evaluated in conjugation with the coordinated dispatched of the stored energy of the water tank. Generator rescheduling is also deployed using predictive control action in [12]- [14].…”

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confidence: 99%

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Automatic Rescheduling of Generator for Rotor Speed Regulation by KRASOVSKII’s Theorem

et al. 2022

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Emergency control of the power system is performed via generator rescheduling or load shedding depending upon the availability of generation and demand. This paper presents a generator rescheduling method based on Krasovskii's theorem for enhancing rotor speed regulation during multiple contingency conditions. The speed governor in automatic generation control (AGC) and automatic voltage regulator (AVR) are indispensable components of the control mechanism for deploying any control scheme. Contingencies may lead the security state of the power system towards a preventive, emergency, and restorative state. Generally, there is a violation of equality constraints of active and reactive power in the corrective security state. However, in this paper, the corrective security state considers a significant imbalance in active power with a generation capacity always greater than load. For rotor angle stability, active power delivery by the generator met the demands, whilst the turbine and automatic speed governor together balance it by changing the set point of the turbine inlet. This paper investigates the rotor stability by triggering a new set point by the rescheduling of the generator. The strategy proposed encompasses the broad domain of active power imbalance using Krasovskii's theorem, which is an extensive form of the Lyapunov stability theorem for the nonlinear multivariable autonomous system. The proposed control scheme is deployed on an IEEE-10 machine 39-bus system for validation and feasibility detection. It is found that the proposed scheme is more accurate than the conventional turbine automatic speed governor close loop system. Moreover, there is turbine power-saving up to 400 MW. In addition, the rotor attains steady-state speed quicker up to 5-10 sec and attains synchronous speed in all the cases considered, i.e., single load outage; multiple load outage; area outage; and load increment. The MATLAB ® and the CVX platform are used to validate the proposed concept.

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Section: Problem Formulation and Solution Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Automatic Rescheduling of Generator for Rotor Speed Regulation by KRASOVSKII’s Theorem

et al. 2022

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Section: Hydro-turbine and Penstock Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the case of small fluctuations in the steady-state operating conditions, the model acquired by truncating appropriately the Taylor series expansion is expressed as Equation (4), namely the torque and discharge equations of turbine [16,36]. These transfer coefficients can be delivered by nonlinear expressions or obtained from the model characteristic In the case of small fluctuations in the steady-state operating conditions, the model acquired by truncating appropriately the Taylor series expansion is expressed as Equation ( 4), namely the torque and discharge equations of turbine [16,36]. These transfer coefficients can be delivered by nonlinear expressions or obtained from the model characteristic curves by identifying the operating conditions (for the linear system, they are usually considered as certain constants), whose values represent the different operating state points.…”

Section: Hydro-turbine and Penstock Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation Characteristics and Load Optimization of Pump-Turbine in Variable-Speed Operation

Wang

2021

Energies

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In order to improve the operating and regulation characteristics of the hydropower unit and to stabilize the load fluctuations, variable-speed pumped storage technology based on converters has been proposed and given more attention recently. However, different from the conventional units, due to the variability of operation conditions, variable-speed units need to develop a load optimization strategy in terms of operating parameter identification to ensure state matching for operation. Therefore, this paper proposes an optimization search step based on the model test curve, and the process of parameter optimization search is elaborated and calculated in the turbine operating condition and pump operating condition, respectively. A mathematical model of the turbine regulation system is established to analyze the influence of speed and guide vane related parameters on the regulation characteristics, and the achievable operating range and regulation capacity in the variable-speed condition is pointed out based on pump-turbine model test, as well as the advantages over the fixed-speed operation. The results show that by applying the load optimization method, the variable-speed unit can be significantly improved in terms of operating efficiency, especially at low head and low power conditions. Meanwhile, a certain range of active power regulation can be realized by the decoupling control of the converter and measuring the guide vane opening in both modes. The analysis of the model test verifies the effectiveness of the variable-speed regulation operation of pump-turbine and provides a reference for the design and operation of the variable-speed hydropower units.

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“…Hou et al used a multiobjective optimization algorithm to design a control strategy for starting a PSS in addition to establishing a simulation model based on a real system to verify the feasibility of the optimized control strategy (Hou et al, 2018;Hou et al, 2019). Pan et al modeled a new stability criterion by using the particle swarm algorithm to optimize the parameters of a PSS controller; this criterion enhanced the independent response of the PSS significantly (Pan et al, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Machine Learning-Based Model Predictive Control Method for Pumped Storage Systems

et al. 2021

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Integrated systems required for renewable energy use are under development. These systems impose more stringent control requirements. It is quite challenging to control a pumped storage system (PSS), which is a key component of such power systems. Because of the S-characteristic area of the PSS pump turbine, traditional proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control induces considerable speed oscillation under medium and low water heads. PSSs are difficult to model because of their nonlinear characteristics. Therefore, we propose a machine learning (ML)-based model predictive control (MPC) method. The ML algorithm is based on Koopman theory and experimental data that includes PSS state variables, and is used to establish linear relationships between the variables in high-dimensional space. Subsequently, a simple, accurate mathematical PSS model is obtained. This mathematical model is used via the MPC method to obtain the predicted control quantity value quickly and accurately. The feasibility and effectiveness of this method are simulated and tested under various operating conditions. The results demonstrate that the proposed MPC method is feasible. The MPC method can reduce the speed oscillation amplitude and improve the system response speed more effectively than PID control.

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Optimal Control for Speed Governing System of On-Grid Adjustable-Speed Pumped Storage Unit Aimed at Transient Performance Improvement

Cited by 13 publications

References 43 publications

Automatic Rescheduling of Generator for Rotor Speed Regulation by KRASOVSKII’s Theorem

Automatic Rescheduling of Generator for Rotor Speed Regulation by KRASOVSKII’s Theorem

Regulation Characteristics and Load Optimization of Pump-Turbine in Variable-Speed Operation

A Machine Learning-Based Model Predictive Control Method for Pumped Storage Systems

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