Optimal carbon dioxide and hydrogen utilization in carbon monoxide production

Abstract

Carbon monoxide is the building block of many relevant chemical products. However, the relatively high emissions (1.396-2.322 kg CO2-eq/kg CO) of its synthesis and separation process result in high emitting derivatives. Therefore, reducing CO synthesis emissions is the first step towards more sustainable end products. In order to tackle this problem, we propose a carbon monoxide synthesis and purification superstructure. We perform multi-objective optimizations minimizing the cost and emission of the final CO product across several case scenarios. Results show that the minimum cost solutions are achieved using partial oxidation of methane (POX) as the syngas synthesis process and cryogenic distillation as the CO separation technology. Emissions can be decreased using dry methane reforming (DMR) and pressure swing adsorption (PSA) but costs increase dramatically. Optimal H2 utilization results in a reverse water gas shift (RWGS) reactor where CO2 is consumed to produce additional CO. Off-gas valorization is key to further reducing the synthesis cost and emissions.

Alternative carbon dioxide utilization in dimethyl carbonate synthesis and comparison with current technologies

“…kWh [39]) and any bought methanol in Eq. ( 11): (11) The energy produced by burning the off-gas, as well as its associated emission is included in the main off-gas valorization framework [23]. Further details on the the methanol synthesis stage are supported by the work of [36].…”

“…Auto-thermal Reforming, ATR; Partial Oxidation, POX; Pressure Swing Absorption, PSA; Cryogenic Distillation, CD; CO Absorption, ABS; Reverse Water Gas Shift, RWGS. RWGS1 and RWGS2 consider the reaction at 300 and 350 °C with 11.6 and 45 % CO 2 conversion, respectively [23]. Clusters of points that use the same technology are indicated with a label nearby.…”

“…The use of CO 2 as a precursor in the synthesis of carbon monoxide has been proven to drastically reduce the GWP indicator of the process, even surpassing the elusive carbon neutrality barrier [23]. Hence, CO derivatives, such as DMC from the methanol oxycarbonylation route, are likely to be affected by this decrease in emissions.…”

Experimental Study on the Improvement of Char Physicochemical Properties and Reactivity by Activation Process in CFB

“…Carbon monoxide (CO) is an important precursor and intermediate chemical for deriving a wide range of commodity chemicals. 3 The reduction of CO 2 can be achieved by gasification technology to produce CO-rich syngas, which offers the potential for CO 2 -to-chemicals transformation and waste-towealth strategies. 4 During the gasification process, CO 2 is primarily reduced through the Boudouard reaction (CO 2 + C → 2CO).…”

Variable frequency microwave induced CO2 Boudouard reaction over biochar

“…In contrast, carbon monoxide (CO) serves as an indispensable foundational material in organic synthesis, contributing to the production of diverse organic chemicals, including methanol, formamide, dimethylformamide, methyl formatted, and acetic acid (Medrano-García et al 2019;Luo et al 2023). The reduction of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) to CO represents a transformative approach to converting greenhouse gases into intermediates for the synthesis of high-value-added chemicals (Bai et al 2017).…”