Optics

Hecht, Eugene; Zajac, Alfred; Cox, Mary E.

doi:10.1119/1.1987895

Cited by 242 publications

(252 citation statements)

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“…Table 1 provides a summary assessment of these methods in this regard, and can be used accordingly as a decision-making aid. Dark-shaded gray boxes (green online) indicate the method (column) is advantageous for BR in regard to the (Hecht, 2002); thus some colors of the presented image may be distorted when viewed through lens-based setups (e.g., chromatic aberration), which consequently may affect other stimulus parameters (e.g., luminance, contrast). It is beyond the current article's scope, however, to compare the different display methods across such various stimulus characteristics, and this remains to be reviewed in the literature.…”

Section: Comparison Of Br Display Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The refractive index of light varies with different wavelengths (i.e., color; Hecht, 2002), depending on the material and shape of the lens. For the prism stereoscope and lenticular ATS setups, this means the presented image may be distorted as some colors are not in focus (i.e., chromatic aberration).…”

Section: Image Viewing Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The process of filtering light into specific orientations of polarization for dichoptic viewing introduces additional levels of complexity to the experimental protocol. Two types of polarization states (and therefore filters) are commonly used: linear and circular (see Figure 10; for detailed discussion, see Hecht, 2002). However, as both states attenuate the light signal -via the initial PPF on the monitor and subsequently via the PPF on the glasses -the luminance of the images will be reduced (Choubey et al, 2009;Stevens, 2004).…”

Section: Interocular Crosstalkmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dichoptic Viewing Methods for Binocular Rivalry Research: Prospects for Large-Scale Clinical and Genetic Studies

et al. 2013

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Binocular rivalry (BR) is an intriguing phenomenon that occurs when two different images are presented, one to each eye, resulting in alternation or rivalry between the percepts. The phenomenon has been studied for nearly 200 years, with renewed and intensive investigation over recent decades. The rate of perceptual switching has long been known to vary widely between individuals but to be relatively stable within individuals. A recent twin study demonstrated that individual variation in BR rate is under substantial genetic control, a finding that also represented the first report, using a large study, of genetic contribution for any post-retinal visual processing phenomenon. The twin study had been prompted by earlier work showing BR rate was slow in the heritable psychiatric condition, bipolar disorder (BD). Together, these studies suggested that slow BR may represent an endophenotype for BD, and heralded the advent of modern clinical and genetic studies of rivalry. This new focus has coincided with rapid advances in 3D display technology, but despite such progress, specific development of technology for rivalry research has been lacking. This review therefore compares different display methods for BR research across several factors, including viewing parameters, image quality, equipment cost, compatibility with other investigative methods, subject group, and sample size, with a focus on requirements specific to large-scale clinical and genetic studies. It is intended to be a resource for investigators new to BR research, such as clinicians and geneticists, and to stimulate the development of 3D display technology for advancing interdisciplinary studies of rivalry.

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Section: Comparison Of Br Display Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Image Viewing Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Interocular Crosstalkmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dichoptic Viewing Methods for Binocular Rivalry Research: Prospects for Large-Scale Clinical and Genetic Studies

et al. 2013

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“…At an arbitrary local site, n, we have to consider each (infrared, visible and SFG) field to have its own (local) plane of incidence (or emission), formed by the local z-axis and the corresponding k-vectors. These affect the field factors (Hirose et al, 1992); (Zhuang et al, 1999); and the transmission coefficients according to Snell's law (Hecht, 2002) and Maxwell equations . Each field would have its own set of factors.…”

Section: Image Reconstruction Protocolmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The equations show that, first, we project the polarization vector onto the effective local coordinate system (x',y',z')m associated with the incident plane of a beam: see step 2 in the protocol. Second, we scale the corresponding field components with the double transmission factors, Tp' and Ts' derived according to the indices of refraction and the local angle of incidence using definitions as described elsewhere (Hecht, 2002). Third, we project the scaled fields' components onto the axes of the laboratory frame.…”

Section: Image Reconstruction Protocolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling of Infrared–Visible Sum Frequency Generation Microscopy Images of a Giant Liposome

Volkov

Perry

2016

Microsc Microanal

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The article explores the theory of Infrared-Visible Sum Frequency Generation microscopy of phospholipid envelopes with dimensions larger than the wavelength of the nonlinear emission.The main part of the study concerns derivation and accounting for the contributions of effective nonlinear responses specific to sites on the surfaces of a bilayer envelope and their dependence on polarization condition and experimental geometry. The nonlinear responses of sites are mapped onto the image plane according to their emission directions and the numerical aperture of a sampling microscope objective. According to the simulation results, we discuss possible approaches to characterize the shape of the envelope, to extract molecular hyperpolarizabilities, to anticipate possible heterogeneity in envelope composition and anisotropy of the environment proximal to the envelope. The modeling approach offers a promising analytic facility to assist connecting microscopy observations in engineered liposomes, cellular envelopes and sub-cellular 2 organelles of relatively large dimensions to molecular properties and hence to chemistry and structure down to available the spatial resolution.

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Ablation rate of PMMA and human cornea with a frequency-quintupled Nd:YAG laser (213 nm)

et al. 1997

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Optics

Cited by 242 publications

References 0 publications

Dichoptic Viewing Methods for Binocular Rivalry Research: Prospects for Large-Scale Clinical and Genetic Studies

Dichoptic Viewing Methods for Binocular Rivalry Research: Prospects for Large-Scale Clinical and Genetic Studies

Modeling of Infrared–Visible Sum Frequency Generation Microscopy Images of a Giant Liposome

Ablation rate of PMMA and human cornea with a frequency-quintupled Nd:YAG laser (213 nm)

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