Optically pumped rubidium as a frequency standard at 196 THz

Breton, M.; Tremblay, Pierre; Julien, C.; Cyr, N.; Têtu, M.; Latrasse, C.

doi:10.1109/19.377799

Cited by 23 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Atomic absorptions are typically preferable with respect to molecular ones in order to achieve narrow saturated transitions with comparatively low saturation intensity; several groups have used the second harmonic of 1.5 m semiconductor lasers to probe the saturated Rb [15]- [17] or K [5], [18] lines in the spectral range from 770 to 780 nm, or to frequency lock the laser to these lines. In particular, the S P K transition at 770.11 nm has a saturation intensity lower than 100 W/mm [5], whereas, to give a comparison, the saturation intensity of the C H transition in the 1.55-m band, even at a rather low gas pressure of 4 Pa, is as high as 6 W/mm [8].…”

Section: High-resolution Spectroscopy Of Kmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-resolution spectroscopy of the /sup 39/K transitions at 770 nm and /sup 13/C/sub 2/H/sub 2/ saturated lines by a solid-state laser at 1.54 μm: toward an accurate frequency standard in the optical communication band

Svelto

Galzerano

Bava

et al. 2002

IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas.

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A novel and compact Er-Yb: glass laser was developed with single-frequency output power 10 mW in a wavelength range from 1531 to 1547 nm. The laser output was efficiently frequency doubled at 770.1 nm in a single-pass periodically poled lithium niobate waveguide and a second harmonic power in excess of 15 W was achieved, with an internal conversion efficiency of 220% W 1. This frequency-doubled beam was used for high-resolution saturated spectroscopy of the 39 K 4S 1 2-4P 1 2 absorption line. The best resolved crossover peak showed 16% line contrast and 10-MHz linewidth. In a second experiment, working at the fundamental frequency, saturation spectroscopy of 13 C 2 H 2 was achieved using a low-pressure gas cell inside a build-up cavity. The measured absorption dip has 3% line contrast and 1.2 MHz linewidth. Both the atomic and molecular saturated lines are very well suited for frequency locking in order to establish accurate frequency standards in the optical communication band.

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Section: High-resolution Spectroscopy Of Kmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-resolution spectroscopy of the /sup 39/K transitions at 770 nm and /sup 13/C/sub 2/H/sub 2/ saturated lines by a solid-state laser at 1.54 μm: toward an accurate frequency standard in the optical communication band

Svelto

Galzerano

Bava

et al. 2002

IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas.

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“…Absorbers in the 1550 nm wavelength range include several molecular lines, e.g., NH 3 , C 2 H 2 , HCN, HI [10], as well as excited states of atomic lines e.g., Kr [11] or Rb [12]. Another option is to double the laser frequency and lock to absorbers in the second harmonic, for example the Rb D2 line at 780.25 nm [13], [14] or the potassium (K) D 1 line at 770.109 nm [15], [16].…”

Section: Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%

Static fiber-Bragg grating strain sensing using frequency-locked lasers

Arie

Lissak

Tur

1999

J. Lightwave Technol.

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Novel and highly sensitive static strain interrogation technique is demonstrated, where the sensing element is a fiber-Bragg grating (FBG) and the light source is a frequency-locked diode laser. Locking the laser frequency to the center of an absorption line (atomic line of potassium in our experiment) eliminates the slow frequency drift of the laser. The stabilized laser source is used to measure low frequency ("static") strain, with a sensitivity of 1.2 nanostrain/ p Hz rms at 1.5 Hz.Index Terms-Gratings, optical fiber devices, strain measurement. and physics, from the Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel, in 1969 and the M.Sc. degree in applied physics from the Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, in 1972, where he investigated electromagnetic wave propagation in cholesteric liquid crystals. After spending five years in the Israeli Defense Forces, he attended the Faculty of Engineering of Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel, and received the Ph.D. degree in 1981.His research there involved analytical, numerical and experimental investigations of wave propagation through random media, as well as fiber-optic communication systems. During the academic years 1981-1983, he was a Postdoctoral fellow (1981)(1982) and then a Research Associate (1982)(1983) at the Information System Laboratory and the Edward L. Ginzton Laboratory of Stanford University, Stanford, CA. At the Information System Laboratory, he studied speckle phenomena, various theories of wave propagation in random media, and asymptotic solutions of the fourth moment equation. At the Ginzton Laboratory, he participated in the development of new architectures for single-mode fiber-optic signal processing and investigated the effect of laser phase noise on such processors. He is presently a Professor of Electrical Engineering and Chairman of the Department of Interdisciplinary Studies in the Faculty of Engineering at Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel, where he established a fiber-optic sensing laboratory. He has authored or coauthored more than 150 journal and conference technical papers with recent emphasis on fiber-optic bit rate limiters, fiber lasers, fiber-optic sensor arrays, the statistics of phase-induced intensity noise in fiber-optic systems, fiber sensing in smart structures, fiber Bragg gratings, polarization mode dispersion, and advanced fiber-optic communication systems.Dr. Tur is a Fellow of the Optical Society of America (OSA).

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“…In addition, diode-pumping further increases the interest devoted to this class of laser since with this pumping configuration both the amplitude and frequency noises are intrinsically limited [3]. Diode-pumped Er-Yb:glass lasers are therefore attractive sources for high-density wavelength division multiplexing communication systems [4], high-resolution spectroscopy [5], metrology [6], and high-sensitivity optical sensors [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward a 1.54 μm frequency standard with Er-Yb (¹³C 2 H 2 )

Galzerano

Svelto

Onae³

et al. 2001

SPIE Proceedings

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A novel Er-Yb:glass quasi-monolithic diode-pumped laser has been developed to realize a high-accuracy frequency standard at 1.54 µm based on saturated absorption of isotopic acetylene. This compact oscillator shows low amplitude-and frequency-noise, wide wavelength tunability (~20 nm), and continuous output power in excess of 20 mW with excellent linear polarization (~30 dB extinction ratio). Employing this laser source sub-Doppler spectroscopy of the acetylene around 1.54 µm has been performed. To obtain the necessary saturation intensity (~3.5 W/mm 2 ), the absorbing sample is placed inside a Fabry-Perot cavity with a Finesse of ~150. The dispersion signal of the sub-Doppler resonance, useful to stabilize the laser frequency, has been obtained by dithering the Fabry-Perot piezo and employing a lock-in detection scheme.

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Optically pumped rubidium as a frequency standard at 196 THz

Cited by 23 publications

References 5 publications

High-resolution spectroscopy of the /sup 39/K transitions at 770 nm and /sup 13/C/sub 2/H/sub 2/ saturated lines by a solid-state laser at 1.54 μm: toward an accurate frequency standard in the optical communication band

High-resolution spectroscopy of the /sup 39/K transitions at 770 nm and /sup 13/C/sub 2/H/sub 2/ saturated lines by a solid-state laser at 1.54 μm: toward an accurate frequency standard in the optical communication band

Static fiber-Bragg grating strain sensing using frequency-locked lasers

Toward a 1.54 μm frequency standard with Er-Yb (¹³C 2 H 2 )

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Optically pumped rubidium as a frequency standard at 196 THz

Cited by 23 publications

References 5 publications

High-resolution spectroscopy of the /sup 39/K transitions at 770 nm and /sup 13/C/sub 2/H/sub 2/ saturated lines by a solid-state laser at 1.54 μm: toward an accurate frequency standard in the optical communication band

High-resolution spectroscopy of the /sup 39/K transitions at 770 nm and /sup 13/C/sub 2/H/sub 2/ saturated lines by a solid-state laser at 1.54 μm: toward an accurate frequency standard in the optical communication band

Static fiber-Bragg grating strain sensing using frequency-locked lasers

Toward a 1.54 μm frequency standard with Er-Yb (13C 2 H 2 )

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Toward a 1.54 μm frequency standard with Er-Yb (¹³C 2 H 2 )