Optical, structural, and photoelectrochemical properties of nanostructured ln-doped ZnO via electrodepositing method

Gradient doping of Cu(I) and Cu(II) in ZnO nanorod photoanode by electrochemical deposition for enhanced photocurrent generation

“…Once produced, OHions accumulate on the surface of the electrode, resulting in a local increase in pH. Then, on the electrode surface, the Zn 2+ ions react with the OHions to form Zn(OH)2, which is unstable and evolves into ZnO as a final product at temperatures ranging from 60 to 70°C (eq.1) [39].…”

Effect of annealing temperature on structural, optical, and photocatalytic properties of modified sol–gel‐driven ZnO nanoparticles

“…ZnO NPs have proven to be vital in photonics, optoelectronics, sensors, spintronics, and antibacterial applications as well 3 . Various synthesizing routes resulting in different morphologies have been explored by different researchers 4–7 . Among different synthesizing methods, the modified sol–gel route offers more flexibility, cheaper production costs, reduced operating temperatures, and controlled molecular homogeneity of the NPs 8 .…”

Improvement of the photocatalytic performance of ZnO thin films in the UV and sunlight range by Cu doping and additional coupling with Cu2O

“…In this regard, various approaches have been proposed to significantly enhance light absorption and reduce recombination of photoexcited electron-hole pairs of the photocatalyst. Doping the bulk photocatalyst adds extra energy levels in the bandgap, which helps to effectively separate charge carriers by trapping photogenerated electrons or holes, allowing more of them to diffuse to the surface [18][19][20]. The combination of two semiconductors forming a hybrid photocatalyst, where electrons are transferred to the CB of one semiconductor and holes to the VB of the other semiconductor at the interface, prevents charge recombination [21].…”