Optical Strain Measurement with Step-Index Polymer Optical Fiber Based on the Phase Measurement of an Intensity-Modulated Signal

Abstract

Polymer optical fibers (POFs) have been proposed for optical strain sensors due to their large elastic strain range compared to glass optical fibers (GOFs). The phase response of a single-mode polymer optical fiber (SM-POF) is well-known in the literature, and depends on the physical deformation of the fiber as well as the impact on the refractive index of the core. In this paper, we investigate the impact of strain on a step-index polymer optical fiber (SI-POF). In particular, we discuss the responsivity of an optical strain sensor which is based on the phase measurement of an intensity-modulated signal. In comparison to the phase response of an SM-POF, we must take additional influences into account. Firstly, the SI-POF is a multi-mode fiber (MMF). Consequently, we not only consider the strain dependence of the refractive index, but also its dependency on the propagation angle θz. Second, we investigate the phase of an intensity-modulated signal. The development of this modulation phase along the fiber is influenced by modal dispersion, scattering, and attenuation. The modulation phase therefore has no linear dependency on the length of the fiber, even in the unstrained state. For the proper consideration of these effects, we rely on a novel model for step-index multi-mode fibers (SI-MMFs). We expand the model to consider the strain-induced effects, simulate the strain responsivity of the sensor, and compare it to experimental results. This led to the conclusion that the scattering behavior of a SI-POF is strain-dependent, which was further proven by measuring the far field at the end of a SI-POF under different strain conditions.

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